Zoology & Human Biology focuses on the structure, function, development, and regulation of animal and human biological systems . This subject forms a major component of Class 11–12 Biology , NEET , and undergraduate life science courses , linking basic biological principles with human health and physiology.
In this section, you will study:
Structural organization in animals
Animal tissues and organ systems
Human anatomy and physiology
Digestion, respiration, circulation, and excretion
Neural and hormonal coordination
Human reproduction and development
Health, disease, and homeostasis
NCERT-aligned explanations, diagrams, MCQs, and exam-oriented questions
The content is structured to build conceptual clarity , improve functional understanding , and prepare students for school examinations, NEET, and undergraduate assessments .
Develop a strong foundation in zoology and human biology to understand animal life processes and human physiological systems with scientific accuracy and exam readiness.
Q. At what stage does the zygote implant into the uterine wall?
A.
Cleavage stage
B.
Blastocyst stage
C.
Gastrulation stage
D.
Neurulation stage
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Solution
The zygote implants into the uterine wall during the blastocyst stage, approximately 5-6 days after fertilization.
Correct Answer:
B
— Blastocyst stage
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Q. At what stage of development does the heart begin to beat in a human embryo?
A.
2 weeks
B.
4 weeks
C.
6 weeks
D.
8 weeks
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Solution
The heart begins to beat around 4 weeks of embryonic development.
Correct Answer:
B
— 4 weeks
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Q. At what stage of development does the neural tube form?
A.
Zygote stage
B.
Gastrulation
C.
Neurulation
D.
Organogenesis
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Solution
Neurulation is the stage of development where the neural tube, which will develop into the central nervous system, forms.
Correct Answer:
C
— Neurulation
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Q. At what stage of development is the human embryo most susceptible to teratogens?
A.
Fertilization
B.
First trimester
C.
Second trimester
D.
Third trimester
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Solution
The first trimester is when the embryo is most susceptible to teratogens, as major organs are forming.
Correct Answer:
B
— First trimester
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Q. At what stage of human development does implantation occur?
A.
Zygote stage
B.
Blastocyst stage
C.
Embryonic stage
D.
Fetal stage
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Solution
Implantation occurs when the blastocyst attaches to the uterine wall, typically around 6-10 days after fertilization.
Correct Answer:
B
— Blastocyst stage
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Q. At what week does the heart start to beat in a developing fetus?
A.
4 weeks
B.
6 weeks
C.
8 weeks
D.
10 weeks
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Solution
The heart starts to beat around 6 weeks of gestation.
Correct Answer:
B
— 6 weeks
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Q. During which stage of embryonic development does implantation occur?
A.
Zygote stage
B.
Blastocyst stage
C.
Gastrula stage
D.
Neurula stage
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Solution
Implantation occurs during the blastocyst stage when the embryo attaches to the uterine wall.
Correct Answer:
B
— Blastocyst stage
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Q. During which stage of human development does the heart begin to beat?
A.
Gastrulation
B.
Neurulation
C.
Embryonic stage
D.
Fetal stage
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Solution
The heart begins to beat during the embryonic stage, typically around the 6th week of gestation.
Correct Answer:
C
— Embryonic stage
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Q. During which trimester does the majority of organ development occur?
A.
First trimester
B.
Second trimester
C.
Third trimester
D.
All trimesters equally
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Solution
The first trimester is critical for organogenesis, where most major organs begin to form.
Correct Answer:
A
— First trimester
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Q. How does exercise affect the circulatory system?
A.
It decreases heart rate
B.
It increases blood flow and heart rate
C.
It reduces blood volume
D.
It has no effect
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Solution
Exercise increases blood flow and heart rate to meet the higher oxygen demands of the body during physical activity.
Correct Answer:
B
— It increases blood flow and heart rate
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Q. How does smoking affect the respiratory system?
A.
Improves lung capacity
B.
Increases mucus production
C.
Enhances oxygen absorption
D.
Reduces risk of infections
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Solution
Smoking increases mucus production in the respiratory system, leading to blockages and respiratory issues.
Correct Answer:
B
— Increases mucus production
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Q. How does the diaphragm contribute to breathing?
A.
By filtering air
B.
By contracting and relaxing to change lung volume
C.
By producing sound
D.
By transporting oxygen
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Solution
The diaphragm contracts and relaxes to change the volume of the thoracic cavity, facilitating inhalation and exhalation.
Correct Answer:
B
— By contracting and relaxing to change lung volume
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Q. How long does food typically stay in the stomach before moving to the small intestine?
A.
1-2 hours
B.
2-4 hours
C.
4-6 hours
D.
6-8 hours
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Solution
Food typically stays in the stomach for about 2 to 4 hours before moving to the small intestine.
Correct Answer:
B
— 2-4 hours
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Q. How many bones are in the adult human skeleton?
A.
206
B.
210
C.
215
D.
220
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Solution
The adult human skeleton consists of 206 bones.
Correct Answer:
A
— 206
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Q. How many calories does the average human digestive system process in a day?
A.
1500
B.
2000
C.
2500
D.
3000
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Solution
The average human digestive system processes about 2000 calories per day.
Correct Answer:
B
— 2000
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Q. How many chambers does a typical mammalian heart have?
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Solution
A typical mammalian heart has 4 chambers: two atria and two ventricles.
Correct Answer:
C
— 4
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Q. How many chambers does the human heart have?
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Solution
The human heart has 4 chambers: two atria and two ventricles.
Correct Answer:
A
— 4
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Q. How many chromosomes are present in a human sperm cell?
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Solution
A human sperm cell contains 23 chromosomes.
Correct Answer:
A
— 23
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Q. How many different types of enzymes are produced in the human digestive system?
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Solution
The human digestive system produces approximately 20 different types of enzymes.
Correct Answer:
B
— 20
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Q. How many liters of air does an average adult inhale in a minute at rest?
A.
4-6 L
B.
6-8 L
C.
8-10 L
D.
10-12 L
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Solution
An average adult inhales about 4-6 liters of air per minute at rest.
Correct Answer:
A
— 4-6 L
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Q. How many pairs of chromosomes do humans have?
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Solution
Humans have 23 pairs of chromosomes, totaling 46.
Correct Answer:
B
— 23
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Q. How many species of mammals are currently recognized?
A.
4000
B.
5000
C.
6000
D.
7000
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Solution
There are approximately 5500 recognized species of mammals.
Correct Answer:
B
— 5000
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Q. How many stages are there in human labor?
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Solution
There are three stages in human labor: dilation, expulsion, and placental.
Correct Answer:
C
— 3
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Q. How many teeth does an average adult human have?
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Solution
An average adult human has 32 teeth, including wisdom teeth.
Correct Answer:
C
— 32
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Q. How many vertebrate classes are there?
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Solution
There are 5 main classes of vertebrates: mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians, and fish.
Correct Answer:
B
— 5
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Q. How much air is typically exhaled in a single breath during normal breathing?
A.
200 mL
B.
500 mL
C.
1000 mL
D.
1500 mL
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Solution
During normal breathing, approximately 500 mL of air is exhaled in a single breath.
Correct Answer:
B
— 500 mL
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Q. How much blood does the average adult human heart pump per minute at rest?
A.
4-6 liters
B.
1-2 liters
C.
8-10 liters
D.
10-12 liters
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Solution
The average adult human heart pumps about 4 to 6 liters of blood per minute at rest.
Correct Answer:
A
— 4-6 liters
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Q. How much carbon dioxide is typically exhaled in a single breath?
A.
0.03%
B.
4%
C.
10%
D.
15%
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Solution
Typically, about 4% of exhaled air is carbon dioxide.
Correct Answer:
B
— 4%
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Q. How much water is absorbed by the human large intestine daily?
A.
0.5 liters
B.
1 liter
C.
1.5 liters
D.
2 liters
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Solution
The human large intestine absorbs about 1.5 liters of water daily.
Correct Answer:
C
— 1.5 liters
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Q. If a person's heart rate is 75 beats per minute, what is their cardiac output if the stroke volume is 70 mL?
A.
5.25 L/min
B.
4.5 L/min
C.
6.0 L/min
D.
3.0 L/min
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Solution
Cardiac output is calculated as heart rate multiplied by stroke volume: 75 beats/min * 70 mL/beat = 5250 mL/min or 5.25 L/min.
Correct Answer:
A
— 5.25 L/min
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