Evolution explains the origin of life and the gradual changes in organisms over time that lead to the diversity of life on Earth. This category focuses on the principles, evidences, and mechanisms of evolution , making it suitable for school students (Classes 10–12) , NEET aspirants , and undergraduate learners .
In this section, you will study:
Origin of life and early theories
Evidences of evolution from fossils, comparative anatomy, embryology, and molecular biology
Darwin’s theory of natural selection
Modern synthetic theory of evolution
Variation, adaptation, and speciation
Human evolution
NCERT-based explanations, diagrams, MCQs, and exam-oriented questions
The content is designed to build conceptual clarity , strengthen theory-based answers , and help students perform confidently in school exams, NEET, and undergraduate assessments .
Understand evolution as a unifying concept of Biology that explains both the history and continuity of life.
Q. Which evolutionary process is responsible for the development of new species from a common ancestor?
A.
Speciation
B.
Extinction
C.
Hybridization
D.
Convergent evolution
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Solution
Speciation is the evolutionary process through which new species arise from a common ancestor.
Correct Answer:
A
— Speciation
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Q. Which group of plants is considered the most evolutionarily advanced due to their complex reproductive structures?
A.
Bryophytes
B.
Ferns
C.
Gymnosperms
D.
Angiosperms
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Solution
Angiosperms, or flowering plants, are considered the most evolutionarily advanced due to their complex reproductive structures and mechanisms.
Correct Answer:
D
— Angiosperms
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Q. Which group of plants is considered the most evolutionarily advanced?
A.
Bryophytes
B.
Ferns
C.
Gymnosperms
D.
Angiosperms
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Solution
Angiosperms, or flowering plants, are considered the most evolutionarily advanced due to their complex reproductive structures.
Correct Answer:
D
— Angiosperms
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Q. Which of the following adaptations is crucial for the survival of plants in arid environments?
A.
Broad leaves
B.
Deep roots
C.
High water content
D.
Thick cuticles
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Solution
Thick cuticles help reduce water loss, making them crucial for survival in arid environments.
Correct Answer:
D
— Thick cuticles
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Q. Which of the following adaptations is NOT typically associated with the evolution of desert plants?
A.
Thick cuticles
B.
Deep root systems
C.
Broad leaves
D.
Water storage tissues
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Solution
Broad leaves are not typically associated with desert plants, which usually have adaptations like thick cuticles and water storage tissues to conserve moisture.
Correct Answer:
C
— Broad leaves
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Q. Which of the following best describes the concept of convergent evolution in plants?
A.
Different species evolve similar traits due to similar environments
B.
Species evolve different traits due to different environments
C.
Species become extinct due to lack of adaptation
D.
Species evolve through hybridization
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Solution
Convergent evolution occurs when different species evolve similar traits due to adapting to similar environmental pressures.
Correct Answer:
A
— Different species evolve similar traits due to similar environments
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Q. Which of the following is a key factor in the evolution of flowering plants?
A.
Pollination by insects
B.
Seed dispersal by wind
C.
Photosynthesis efficiency
D.
Root depth
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Solution
Pollination by insects has significantly influenced the evolution of flowering plants, promoting diversity and adaptation.
Correct Answer:
A
— Pollination by insects
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Q. Which of the following is an example of adaptive radiation in plants?
A.
Cacti in deserts
B.
Ferns in tropical forests
C.
Mosses in wetlands
D.
Conifers in cold climates
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Solution
Cacti in deserts are an example of adaptive radiation, evolving unique adaptations to survive in arid environments.
Correct Answer:
A
— Cacti in deserts
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Q. Which of the following is an example of convergent evolution in plants?
A.
Cacti and succulents
B.
Oak and maple trees
C.
Grasses and sedges
D.
Ferns and mosses
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Solution
Cacti and succulents are examples of convergent evolution, as they have developed similar adaptations to arid environments independently.
Correct Answer:
A
— Cacti and succulents
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Q. Which of the following is NOT a factor that drives plant evolution?
A.
Climate change
B.
Soil composition
C.
Human intervention
D.
Plant aesthetics
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Solution
Plant aesthetics is not a driving factor of evolution; rather, it is influenced by evolutionary processes.
Correct Answer:
D
— Plant aesthetics
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Q. Which of the following plant structures is most directly involved in the process of evolution through adaptation?
A.
Roots
B.
Leaves
C.
Flowers
D.
Stems
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Solution
Flowers are directly involved in reproduction and can adapt to attract specific pollinators, influencing evolutionary outcomes.
Correct Answer:
C
— Flowers
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Q. Which of the following processes can lead to speciation in plants?
A.
Polyploidy
B.
Hybridization
C.
Geographic isolation
D.
All of the above
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Solution
All of the above processes can lead to speciation in plants, contributing to biodiversity.
Correct Answer:
D
— All of the above
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Q. Which of the following processes can lead to the formation of new plant species?
A.
Hybridization
B.
Cloning
C.
Asexual reproduction
D.
All of the above
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Solution
Hybridization can lead to the formation of new species by combining genetic material from different parent species.
Correct Answer:
A
— Hybridization
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Q. Which plant group is considered the most evolutionarily advanced?
A.
Bryophytes
B.
Pteridophytes
C.
Gymnosperms
D.
Angiosperms
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Solution
Angiosperms, or flowering plants, are considered the most evolutionarily advanced due to their complex reproductive structures.
Correct Answer:
D
— Angiosperms
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Q. Which process allows for genetic variation in plant populations, contributing to evolution?
A.
Mitosis
B.
Meiosis
C.
Cloning
D.
Asexual reproduction
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Solution
Meiosis is the process that allows for genetic variation in plant populations, which is essential for evolution.
Correct Answer:
B
— Meiosis
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Q. Which process allows for the transfer of genetic material between different plant species?
A.
Hybridization
B.
Cloning
C.
Asexual reproduction
D.
Apomixis
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Solution
Hybridization allows for the transfer of genetic material between different plant species, leading to new varieties.
Correct Answer:
A
— Hybridization
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Q. Which process allows plants to adapt to different environments over time?
A.
Photosynthesis
B.
Transpiration
C.
Evolution
D.
Respiration
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Solution
Evolution allows plants to adapt to different environments over time through mechanisms like natural selection.
Correct Answer:
C
— Evolution
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Q. Which process can lead to the rapid evolution of plant traits in response to environmental pressures?
A.
Stabilizing selection
B.
Directional selection
C.
Disruptive selection
D.
All of the above
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Solution
All types of selection (stabilizing, directional, and disruptive) can lead to rapid evolution of plant traits in response to environmental pressures.
Correct Answer:
D
— All of the above
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