Biotechnology Applications explores how biological principles and techniques are used to solve real-world problems in medicine, agriculture, industry, and environmental science . This category is designed for Class 12 students , NEET aspirants , and undergraduate learners to understand both concepts and applications with exam relevance.
In this section, you’ll learn about:
Medical biotechnology – production of insulin, vaccines, hormones, and gene therapy
Agricultural biotechnology – genetically modified (GM) crops, pest resistance, and improved yield
Industrial biotechnology – enzymes, antibiotics, and bioproducts
Transgenic organisms and biosafety concepts
NCERT-based explanations, important questions, MCQs, and case studies
All topics are explained in simple, structured language with a strong focus on NCERT terminology , making this section highly useful for board exams, NEET preparation, and UG assessments .
Understand how biotechnology transforms science into solutions — from the lab to real life.
Q. Which of the following is a common application of biotechnology in forestry?
A.
Creating ornamental plants
B.
Developing pest-resistant tree species
C.
Enhancing leaf color
D.
Increasing tree height
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Solution
Biotechnology is often used in forestry to develop pest-resistant tree species, helping to protect forests from invasive pests.
Correct Answer:
B
— Developing pest-resistant tree species
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Q. Which of the following is a common application of plant biotechnology in environmental management?
A.
Creating ornamental plants
B.
Bioremediation of contaminated soils
C.
Increasing crop resistance to drought
D.
Enhancing flavor profiles of fruits
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Solution
Bioremediation of contaminated soils is a common application of plant biotechnology, using plants to clean up environmental pollutants.
Correct Answer:
B
— Bioremediation of contaminated soils
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Q. Which of the following is a common application of recombinant DNA technology?
A.
Gene therapy
B.
Antibiotic production
C.
Plant breeding
D.
All of the above
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Solution
Recombinant DNA technology is used in gene therapy, antibiotic production, and plant breeding.
Correct Answer:
D
— All of the above
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Q. Which of the following is a common method for introducing foreign DNA into plant cells?
A.
Electroporation
B.
Microinjection
C.
Gene gun
D.
All of the above
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Solution
All of the above methods—electroporation, microinjection, and gene gun—are commonly used to introduce foreign DNA into plant cells.
Correct Answer:
D
— All of the above
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Q. Which of the following is a potential application of stem cell therapy?
A.
Regenerating damaged tissues
B.
Producing vaccines
C.
Gene editing
D.
Creating transgenic animals
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Solution
Stem cell therapy has the potential to regenerate damaged tissues and treat various diseases.
Correct Answer:
A
— Regenerating damaged tissues
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Q. Which of the following is a potential risk associated with genetically modified plants?
A.
Increased biodiversity
B.
Unintended effects on non-target species
C.
Improved crop resilience
D.
Enhanced nutritional value
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Solution
One potential risk of genetically modified plants is the unintended effects they may have on non-target species in the ecosystem.
Correct Answer:
B
— Unintended effects on non-target species
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Q. Which of the following is NOT a common application of plant biotechnology?
A.
Bioremediation
B.
Phytoremediation
C.
Plant breeding
D.
Plant taxonomy
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Solution
Plant taxonomy is the classification of plants and is not a direct application of plant biotechnology.
Correct Answer:
D
— Plant taxonomy
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Q. Which of the following is NOT a concern associated with the use of GMOs?
A.
Potential allergenicity
B.
Gene transfer to non-target species
C.
Increased crop resilience
D.
Loss of biodiversity
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Solution
Increased crop resilience is generally seen as a benefit, not a concern, of GMOs.
Correct Answer:
C
— Increased crop resilience
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Q. Which of the following is NOT a method of plant biotechnology?
A.
Gene cloning
B.
Tissue culture
C.
Traditional breeding
D.
DNA sequencing
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Solution
Traditional breeding is not considered a method of plant biotechnology, as it does not involve modern genetic manipulation techniques.
Correct Answer:
C
— Traditional breeding
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Q. Which of the following is NOT a method of plant genetic modification?
A.
Gene editing
B.
Selective breeding
C.
Gene silencing
D.
Transgenic technology
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Solution
Selective breeding is a traditional method and not a direct genetic modification technique like gene editing or transgenic technology.
Correct Answer:
B
— Selective breeding
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Q. Which of the following is NOT a method of plant genetic transformation?
A.
Agrobacterium-mediated transformation
B.
Electroporation
C.
Microinjection
D.
Photosynthesis
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Solution
Photosynthesis is a natural process for energy conversion in plants and is not a method of genetic transformation.
Correct Answer:
D
— Photosynthesis
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Q. Which plant hormone is often manipulated in biotechnology to promote growth?
A.
Ethylene
B.
Auxin
C.
Gibberellin
D.
Abscisic acid
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Solution
Auxin is a key hormone that regulates plant growth and is often manipulated in biotechnological applications.
Correct Answer:
B
— Auxin
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Q. Which technique is commonly used for DNA sequencing?
A.
Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)
B.
Gel electrophoresis
C.
Sanger sequencing
D.
Western blotting
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Solution
Sanger sequencing is a widely used method for determining the nucleotide sequence of DNA.
Correct Answer:
C
— Sanger sequencing
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