Botany is the branch of Biology that focuses on the study of plants , their structure, functions, growth, reproduction, and role in the environment. This category is curated for school students (Classes 6–12) and undergraduate learners to build strong fundamentals with exam-focused clarity.
In this section, you’ll explore:
Plant morphology, anatomy, and physiology explained step-by-step
Reproduction in plants , development, and life cycles
Cell biology, genetics, and biotechnology concepts related to plants
Ecology and plant diversity with real-world relevance
Important questions, MCQs, diagrams, and revision notes for exams
The content is aligned with NCERT , school boards, and UG syllabi , making it highly useful for school exams, NEET preparation, and college assessments . Concepts are explained in simple language with a focus on understanding, not rote learning.
Build a strong foundation in plant sciences and master Botany with confidence.
Q. Which plant tissue is primarily involved in the transport of nutrients and photosynthates?
A.
Xylem
B.
Phloem
C.
Cortex
D.
Sclerenchyma
Show solution
Solution
Phloem is primarily involved in the transport of nutrients and photosynthates throughout the plant.
Correct Answer:
B
— Phloem
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Q. Which plant tissue is primarily involved in the transport of sugars?
A.
Xylem
B.
Phloem
C.
Meristematic tissue
D.
Sclerenchyma
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Solution
Phloem is responsible for the transport of sugars and other metabolic products downward from the leaves.
Correct Answer:
B
— Phloem
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Q. Which plant tissue is primarily responsible for the transport of organic compounds?
A.
Xylem
B.
Phloem
C.
Parenchyma
D.
Sclerenchyma
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Solution
Phloem is responsible for the transport of organic compounds, particularly sugars, throughout the plant.
Correct Answer:
B
— Phloem
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Q. Which plant tissue is responsible for the formation of new vascular tissues?
A.
Cork cambium
B.
Vascular cambium
C.
Parenchyma
D.
Phloem
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Solution
The vascular cambium is responsible for the production of new xylem and phloem tissues in plants.
Correct Answer:
B
— Vascular cambium
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Q. Which plant-derived compound is commonly used to lower cholesterol levels?
A.
Saponins
B.
Alkaloids
C.
Flavonoids
D.
Phenolics
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Solution
Saponins can help lower cholesterol levels by binding to bile acids.
Correct Answer:
A
— Saponins
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Q. Which plant-derived compound is known for its potential to lower cholesterol levels?
A.
Beta-glucans
B.
Saponins
C.
Alkaloids
D.
Terpenes
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Solution
Beta-glucans, found in oats and barley, are known to help lower cholesterol levels.
Correct Answer:
A
— Beta-glucans
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Q. Which plant-derived compound is known for its potential to reduce cholesterol levels?
A.
Beta-glucans
B.
Tannins
C.
Saponins
D.
Alkaloids
Show solution
Solution
Beta-glucans, found in oats and barley, are known to help lower cholesterol levels.
Correct Answer:
A
— Beta-glucans
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Q. Which plant-derived substance is commonly used to lower cholesterol levels?
A.
Psyllium
B.
Ginger
C.
Garlic
D.
Turmeric
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Solution
Garlic is known for its ability to lower cholesterol levels and improve heart health.
Correct Answer:
C
— Garlic
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Q. Which plant-derived substance is known for its ability to enhance immune function?
A.
Echinacea
B.
Lavender
C.
Chamomile
D.
Ginger
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Solution
Echinacea is widely recognized for its immune-boosting properties.
Correct Answer:
A
— Echinacea
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Q. Which plant-derived substance is known for its potential to lower cholesterol levels?
A.
Psyllium
B.
Caffeine
C.
Tannins
D.
Saponins
Show solution
Solution
Psyllium, a soluble fiber from the psyllium plant, can help lower cholesterol levels.
Correct Answer:
A
— Psyllium
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Q. Which plant-derived substance is known to have antimicrobial properties?
A.
Eucalyptus oil
B.
Coconut oil
C.
Olive oil
D.
Sunflower oil
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Solution
Eucalyptus oil has been recognized for its antimicrobial properties.
Correct Answer:
A
— Eucalyptus oil
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Q. Which plant-derived substance is known to lower cholesterol levels in humans?
A.
Psyllium
B.
Saponins
C.
Tannins
D.
Resins
Show solution
Solution
Psyllium, derived from the psyllium seed, is effective in lowering cholesterol.
Correct Answer:
A
— Psyllium
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Q. Which plant-derived substance is known to lower cholesterol levels?
A.
Beta-glucans
B.
Tannins
C.
Saponins
D.
Alkaloids
Show solution
Solution
Beta-glucans, found in oats and barley, are known to help lower cholesterol levels.
Correct Answer:
A
— Beta-glucans
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Q. Which plant-derived substance is often used to treat anxiety and promote relaxation?
A.
Valerian root
B.
Echinacea
C.
Ginger
D.
Peppermint
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Solution
Valerian root is commonly used in herbal medicine for its calming effects and ability to reduce anxiety.
Correct Answer:
A
— Valerian root
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Q. Which plant-derived substance is used to lower cholesterol levels?
A.
Psyllium
B.
Caffeine
C.
Tannins
D.
Saponins
Show solution
Solution
Psyllium, a soluble fiber from the psyllium plant, is effective in lowering cholesterol.
Correct Answer:
A
— Psyllium
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Q. Which process allows for genetic variation in plant populations, contributing to evolution?
A.
Mitosis
B.
Meiosis
C.
Cloning
D.
Asexual reproduction
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Solution
Meiosis is the process that allows for genetic variation in plant populations, which is essential for evolution.
Correct Answer:
B
— Meiosis
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Q. Which process allows for the transfer of genetic material between different plant species?
A.
Hybridization
B.
Cloning
C.
Asexual reproduction
D.
Apomixis
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Solution
Hybridization allows for the transfer of genetic material between different plant species, leading to new varieties.
Correct Answer:
A
— Hybridization
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Q. Which process allows plants to adapt to different environments over time?
A.
Photosynthesis
B.
Transpiration
C.
Evolution
D.
Respiration
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Solution
Evolution allows plants to adapt to different environments over time through mechanisms like natural selection.
Correct Answer:
C
— Evolution
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Q. Which process allows plants to convert light energy into chemical energy?
A.
Respiration
B.
Photosynthesis
C.
Transpiration
D.
Fermentation
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Solution
Photosynthesis is the process by which plants convert light energy into chemical energy stored in glucose.
Correct Answer:
B
— Photosynthesis
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Q. Which process allows plants to reproduce asexually through runners?
A.
Budding
B.
Fragmentation
C.
Vegetative propagation
D.
Pollination
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Solution
Vegetative propagation is a form of asexual reproduction where new plants grow from runners or stolons.
Correct Answer:
C
— Vegetative propagation
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Q. Which process can lead to the rapid evolution of plant traits in response to environmental pressures?
A.
Stabilizing selection
B.
Directional selection
C.
Disruptive selection
D.
All of the above
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Solution
All types of selection (stabilizing, directional, and disruptive) can lead to rapid evolution of plant traits in response to environmental pressures.
Correct Answer:
D
— All of the above
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Q. Which process converts light energy into chemical energy in plants?
A.
Respiration
B.
Transpiration
C.
Photosynthesis
D.
Fermentation
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Solution
Photosynthesis converts light energy into chemical energy stored in glucose.
Correct Answer:
C
— Photosynthesis
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Q. Which process describes the copying of DNA to produce two identical DNA molecules?
A.
Transcription
B.
Translation
C.
Replication
D.
Recombination
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Solution
Replication is the process by which DNA is copied to produce two identical DNA molecules.
Correct Answer:
C
— Replication
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Q. Which process describes the exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes during meiosis?
A.
Transcription
B.
Crossing over
C.
Replication
D.
Translation
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Solution
Crossing over is the process where homologous chromosomes exchange genetic material, increasing genetic diversity.
Correct Answer:
B
— Crossing over
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Q. Which process describes the growth of a plant in response to light?
A.
Phototropism
B.
Gravitropism
C.
Thigmotropism
D.
Hydrotropism
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Solution
Phototropism is the growth of a plant in response to light direction.
Correct Answer:
A
— Phototropism
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Q. Which process describes the growth of a plant towards light?
A.
Phototropism
B.
Gravitropism
C.
Thigmotropism
D.
Hydrotropism
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Solution
Phototropism is the growth of a plant towards light, driven by differential growth rates.
Correct Answer:
A
— Phototropism
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Q. Which process involves the conversion of light energy into chemical energy in plants?
A.
Respiration
B.
Photosynthesis
C.
Transpiration
D.
Fermentation
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Solution
Photosynthesis is the process that converts light energy into chemical energy in the form of glucose.
Correct Answer:
B
— Photosynthesis
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Q. Which process involves the transfer of genetic material from one generation of plants to the next?
A.
Transcription
B.
Translation
C.
Replication
D.
Inheritance
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Solution
Inheritance is the process by which genetic material is passed from parents to offspring.
Correct Answer:
D
— Inheritance
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Q. Which process involves the transfer of pollen from the male anther to the female stigma?
A.
Fertilization
B.
Pollination
C.
Germination
D.
Photosynthesis
Show solution
Solution
Pollination is the process of transferring pollen to enable fertilization.
Correct Answer:
B
— Pollination
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Q. Which process is primarily responsible for the movement of water through xylem?
A.
Active transport
B.
Diffusion
C.
Transpiration
D.
Osmosis
Show solution
Solution
Transpiration creates a negative pressure in the leaves, which pulls water upward through the xylem.
Correct Answer:
C
— Transpiration
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