Zoology & Human Biology focuses on the structure, function, development, and regulation of animal and human biological systems . This subject forms a major component of Class 11–12 Biology , NEET , and undergraduate life science courses , linking basic biological principles with human health and physiology.
In this section, you will study:
Structural organization in animals
Animal tissues and organ systems
Human anatomy and physiology
Digestion, respiration, circulation, and excretion
Neural and hormonal coordination
Human reproduction and development
Health, disease, and homeostasis
NCERT-aligned explanations, diagrams, MCQs, and exam-oriented questions
The content is structured to build conceptual clarity , improve functional understanding , and prepare students for school examinations, NEET, and undergraduate assessments .
Develop a strong foundation in zoology and human biology to understand animal life processes and human physiological systems with scientific accuracy and exam readiness.
Q. What is the main function of the skeletal system in vertebrates?
A.
Production of hormones
B.
Support and protection
C.
Digestion of food
D.
Respiration
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Solution
The main function of the skeletal system is to provide support and protection for the body's organs and tissues.
Correct Answer:
B
— Support and protection
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Q. What is the main function of the stomach?
A.
Absorption of nutrients
B.
Mechanical and chemical digestion
C.
Storage of bile
D.
Production of insulin
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Solution
The main function of the stomach is to perform mechanical and chemical digestion of food.
Correct Answer:
B
— Mechanical and chemical digestion
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Q. What is the main gas transported by hemoglobin in red blood cells?
A.
Carbon dioxide
B.
Oxygen
C.
Nitrogen
D.
Hydrogen
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Solution
Hemoglobin primarily transports oxygen from the lungs to the tissues and helps carry carbon dioxide back to the lungs.
Correct Answer:
B
— Oxygen
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Q. What is the main purpose of the circulatory system in animals?
A.
Transport nutrients and oxygen
B.
Regulate body temperature
C.
Facilitate movement
D.
Produce hormones
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Solution
The circulatory system's main purpose is to transport nutrients, oxygen, and waste products throughout the body.
Correct Answer:
A
— Transport nutrients and oxygen
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Q. What is the main purpose of the circulatory system?
A.
To produce hormones
B.
To transport blood and nutrients
C.
To facilitate digestion
D.
To provide structural support
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Solution
The main purpose of the circulatory system is to transport blood, nutrients, gases, and waste products throughout the body.
Correct Answer:
B
— To transport blood and nutrients
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Q. What is the main purpose of the coronary arteries?
A.
To supply blood to the lungs
B.
To supply blood to the heart muscle
C.
To drain blood from the heart
D.
To regulate heart rhythm
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Solution
The coronary arteries supply blood to the heart muscle itself, providing it with oxygen and nutrients.
Correct Answer:
B
— To supply blood to the heart muscle
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Q. What is the main purpose of the pulmonary circulation?
A.
To supply blood to the body
B.
To exchange gases in the lungs
C.
To transport nutrients
D.
To regulate blood pressure
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Solution
The main purpose of pulmonary circulation is to exchange gases in the lungs, allowing carbon dioxide to be expelled and oxygen to be absorbed.
Correct Answer:
B
— To exchange gases in the lungs
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Q. What is the main purpose of the villi in the small intestine?
A.
Increase surface area for absorption
B.
Secrete digestive enzymes
C.
Transport waste
D.
Produce bile
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Solution
Villi increase the surface area of the small intestine, enhancing nutrient absorption.
Correct Answer:
A
— Increase surface area for absorption
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Q. What is the pH level of gastric acid in the human stomach?
A.
1-2
B.
3-4
C.
5-6
D.
7-8
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Solution
The pH level of gastric acid in the human stomach typically ranges from 1 to 2.
Correct Answer:
A
— 1-2
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Q. What is the primary characteristic that defines the Animal Kingdom?
A.
Photosynthesis
B.
Multicellularity
C.
Cell wall presence
D.
Autotrophic nutrition
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Solution
The Animal Kingdom is primarily defined by multicellularity, which distinguishes animals from unicellular organisms.
Correct Answer:
B
— Multicellularity
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Q. What is the primary component of the heart's conduction system that follows the SA node?
A.
Atrioventricular (AV) node
B.
Bundle of His
C.
Purkinje fibers
D.
Coronary arteries
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Solution
The atrioventricular (AV) node follows the SA node in the heart's conduction system, relaying impulses to the ventricles.
Correct Answer:
A
— Atrioventricular (AV) node
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Q. What is the primary component of the respiratory system that filters and humidifies the air?
A.
Lungs
B.
Nasal cavity
C.
Bronchi
D.
Alveoli
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Solution
The nasal cavity is responsible for filtering, warming, and humidifying the air before it enters the lungs.
Correct Answer:
B
— Nasal cavity
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Q. What is the primary evolutionary advantage of bilateral symmetry in animals?
A.
Increased mobility
B.
Better camouflage
C.
Enhanced sensory perception
D.
More efficient digestion
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Solution
Bilateral symmetry allows for increased mobility and streamlined movement, which is advantageous for predation and escape.
Correct Answer:
A
— Increased mobility
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Q. What is the primary function of bile in digestion?
A.
Break down proteins
B.
Emulsify fats
C.
Neutralize stomach acid
D.
Absorb vitamins
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Solution
Bile emulsifies fats, making them easier to digest and absorb in the small intestine.
Correct Answer:
B
— Emulsify fats
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Q. What is the primary function of gastric acid in the stomach?
A.
Neutralizes food
B.
Breaks down proteins
C.
Absorbs nutrients
D.
Produces bile
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Solution
Gastric acid primarily breaks down proteins and activates digestive enzymes in the stomach.
Correct Answer:
B
— Breaks down proteins
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Q. What is the primary function of red blood cells in the human body?
A.
Transport oxygen
B.
Fight infections
C.
Clot blood
D.
Regulate temperature
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Solution
Red blood cells are primarily responsible for transporting oxygen from the lungs to the body's tissues.
Correct Answer:
A
— Transport oxygen
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Q. What is the primary function of red blood cells?
A.
Transport oxygen
B.
Fight infections
C.
Clot blood
D.
Regulate temperature
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Solution
The primary function of red blood cells is to transport oxygen from the lungs to the body's tissues.
Correct Answer:
A
— Transport oxygen
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Q. What is the primary function of the alveoli in the respiratory system?
A.
To filter air
B.
To exchange gases
C.
To produce mucus
D.
To regulate blood pH
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Solution
The alveoli are tiny air sacs in the lungs where the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide occurs.
Correct Answer:
B
— To exchange gases
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Q. What is the primary function of the circulatory system in humans?
A.
To digest food
B.
To transport oxygen and nutrients
C.
To regulate body temperature
D.
To produce hormones
Show solution
Solution
The primary function of the circulatory system is to transport oxygen and nutrients to cells and remove waste products.
Correct Answer:
B
— To transport oxygen and nutrients
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Q. What is the primary function of the circulatory system?
A.
To digest food
B.
To transport nutrients and oxygen
C.
To regulate body temperature
D.
To produce hormones
Show solution
Solution
The primary function of the circulatory system is to transport nutrients and oxygen to cells and remove waste products.
Correct Answer:
B
— To transport nutrients and oxygen
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Q. What is the primary function of the coronary arteries?
A.
To supply blood to the lungs
B.
To supply blood to the heart muscle
C.
To drain blood from the heart
D.
To connect the heart to the aorta
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Solution
The coronary arteries supply oxygenated blood to the heart muscle itself, ensuring it receives the nutrients needed for contraction.
Correct Answer:
B
— To supply blood to the heart muscle
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Q. What is the primary function of the corpus luteum?
A.
Production of estrogen
B.
Production of progesterone
C.
Production of testosterone
D.
Production of luteinizing hormone
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Solution
The corpus luteum primarily produces progesterone, which helps maintain the uterine lining during early pregnancy.
Correct Answer:
B
— Production of progesterone
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Q. What is the primary function of the epiglottis?
A.
To filter air
B.
To produce sound
C.
To prevent food from entering the trachea
D.
To facilitate gas exchange
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Solution
The epiglottis is a flap that covers the trachea during swallowing, preventing food and liquids from entering the airway.
Correct Answer:
C
— To prevent food from entering the trachea
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Q. What is the primary function of the excretory system in animals?
A.
To produce energy
B.
To remove waste products
C.
To facilitate movement
D.
To regulate temperature
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Solution
The primary function of the excretory system is to remove waste products from the body, maintaining homeostasis.
Correct Answer:
B
— To remove waste products
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Q. What is the primary function of the exoskeleton in arthropods?
A.
Support and protection
B.
Locomotion
C.
Respiration
D.
Reproduction
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Solution
The exoskeleton in arthropods provides support and protection, allowing them to maintain their shape and protect against predators.
Correct Answer:
A
— Support and protection
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Q. What is the primary function of the nasal cavity in the respiratory system?
A.
Gas exchange
B.
Air filtration and humidification
C.
Sound production
D.
Olfaction
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Solution
The nasal cavity filters, warms, and humidifies the air before it enters the lungs.
Correct Answer:
B
— Air filtration and humidification
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Q. What is the primary function of the nephridia in annelids?
A.
Reproduction
B.
Excretion
C.
Digestion
D.
Circulation
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Solution
Nephridia are excretory organs in annelids that help in the removal of waste products from the body.
Correct Answer:
B
— Excretion
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Q. What is the primary function of the ovaries in the female reproductive system?
A.
To produce testosterone
B.
To produce eggs and hormones
C.
To facilitate childbirth
D.
To transport sperm
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Solution
The ovaries are responsible for producing eggs (ova) and hormones such as estrogen and progesterone.
Correct Answer:
B
— To produce eggs and hormones
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Q. What is the primary function of the placenta during human development?
A.
To provide oxygen and nutrients to the fetus
B.
To produce hormones
C.
To protect the fetus from infections
D.
To facilitate waste removal
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Solution
The placenta serves as the interface between the mother and fetus, providing essential nutrients and oxygen while removing waste products.
Correct Answer:
A
— To provide oxygen and nutrients to the fetus
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Q. What is the primary function of the respiratory system in animals?
A.
Nutrient absorption
B.
Gas exchange
C.
Waste elimination
D.
Hormone regulation
Show solution
Solution
The primary function of the respiratory system is gas exchange, allowing oxygen to enter the body and carbon dioxide to be expelled.
Correct Answer:
B
— Gas exchange
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