The end product of the Calvin cycle is glucose.

Collenchyma cells provide flexible support to young stems and leaves, allowing for growth and movement.

Collenchyma cells provide flexible support to young stems and leaves.

Guard cells regulate the opening and closing of stomata, controlling gas exchange and water loss.

Ribosomes are responsible for protein synthesis, translating mRNA into polypeptide chains.

RuBisCO catalyzes the fixation of carbon dioxide in the Calvin cycle.

Sclerenchyma cells provide support and protection due to their thick, lignified cell walls.

The Golgi apparatus modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids for secretion or delivery to other organelles.

Hybrid plants are often bred for higher resistance to diseases, leading to better crop yields.

Marker-assisted selection speeds up the breeding process by allowing breeders to select plants with desirable traits more efficiently.

Transgenic plants are engineered to have traits that can lead to increased crop yield, making them advantageous in agriculture.

Antioxidants help reduce inflammation and combat oxidative stress in the body.

Cruciferous vegetables are rich in antioxidants, which help protect against diseases.

Dietary fiber aids in digestion and helps maintain gut health.

Omega-3 fatty acids, found in plants like flaxseed, are known to enhance cognitive function and support brain health.

Oxygen is released as a byproduct of photosynthesis during the light reactions.

Sclerenchyma cells have thick, lignified walls and are dead at maturity, providing structural support.

Cellulose is the primary structural component of the plant cell wall, providing rigidity and strength.

The main difference is that aerobic respiration requires oxygen, while anaerobic respiration does not.

ATP is the main energy carrier produced during the light reactions of photosynthesis.

ATP is the main energy currency produced during the light reactions of photosynthesis.

RUBISCO is the main enzyme that catalyzes the fixation of carbon dioxide in the dark reactions.

Alkaloids serve as a defense mechanism against herbivores due to their toxicity.

Antioxidants help prevent oxidative stress by neutralizing free radicals.

Chlorophyll's main function is to absorb light energy for photosynthesis.

Phloem is responsible for transporting sugars and other metabolic products downward from the leaves.

Phloem is responsible for transporting sugars produced during photosynthesis throughout the plant.

Root hairs increase the surface area for water and nutrient absorption from the soil.

Stomata are small openings that facilitate gas exchange, allowing CO2 in and O2 out.

Stomata facilitate gas exchange, allowing CO2 in and O2 out.