Zoology & Human Biology focuses on the structure, function, development, and regulation of animal and human biological systems . This subject forms a major component of Class 11–12 Biology , NEET , and undergraduate life science courses , linking basic biological principles with human health and physiology.
In this section, you will study:
Structural organization in animals
Animal tissues and organ systems
Human anatomy and physiology
Digestion, respiration, circulation, and excretion
Neural and hormonal coordination
Human reproduction and development
Health, disease, and homeostasis
NCERT-aligned explanations, diagrams, MCQs, and exam-oriented questions
The content is structured to build conceptual clarity , improve functional understanding , and prepare students for school examinations, NEET, and undergraduate assessments .
Develop a strong foundation in zoology and human biology to understand animal life processes and human physiological systems with scientific accuracy and exam readiness.
Q. What is the primary function of the respiratory system in humans?
A.
To circulate blood
B.
To exchange gases
C.
To digest food
D.
To regulate temperature
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Solution
The primary function of the respiratory system is to exchange gases, specifically oxygen and carbon dioxide, between the body and the environment.
Correct Answer:
B
— To exchange gases
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Q. What is the primary function of the respiratory system in mammals?
A.
Digestion of food
B.
Transport of nutrients
C.
Exchange of gases
D.
Regulation of body temperature
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Solution
The primary function of the respiratory system in mammals is the exchange of gases, specifically oxygen and carbon dioxide.
Correct Answer:
C
— Exchange of gases
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Q. What is the primary function of the respiratory system?
A.
To circulate blood
B.
To exchange gases
C.
To digest food
D.
To regulate temperature
Show solution
Solution
The primary function of the respiratory system is to exchange gases, specifically oxygen and carbon dioxide, between the body and the environment.
Correct Answer:
B
— To exchange gases
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Q. What is the primary function of the small intestine in the human digestive system?
A.
Absorption of nutrients
B.
Storage of waste
C.
Production of bile
D.
Mechanical digestion
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Solution
The small intestine is primarily responsible for the absorption of nutrients from digested food.
Correct Answer:
A
— Absorption of nutrients
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Q. What is the primary function of the small intestine?
A.
Absorption of nutrients
B.
Production of bile
C.
Storage of waste
D.
Mechanical digestion
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Solution
The primary function of the small intestine is the absorption of nutrients from digested food.
Correct Answer:
A
— Absorption of nutrients
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Q. What is the primary function of the stomach in digestion?
A.
Absorption of nutrients
B.
Mechanical and chemical digestion
C.
Storage of bile
D.
Production of insulin
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Solution
The stomach's primary function is to perform mechanical and chemical digestion of food, aided by gastric juices.
Correct Answer:
B
— Mechanical and chemical digestion
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Q. What is the primary function of the stomach in the digestive process?
A.
Absorption of nutrients
B.
Chemical digestion of proteins
C.
Storage of bile
D.
Production of insulin
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Solution
The stomach's primary function is the chemical digestion of proteins through gastric juices.
Correct Answer:
B
— Chemical digestion of proteins
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Q. What is the primary function of the swim bladder in fish?
A.
Respiration
B.
Buoyancy control
C.
Reproduction
D.
Digestion
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Solution
The swim bladder allows fish to maintain buoyancy and control their depth in the water.
Correct Answer:
B
— Buoyancy control
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Q. What is the primary gas transported by hemoglobin in red blood cells?
A.
Carbon dioxide
B.
Oxygen
C.
Nitrogen
D.
Hydrogen
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Solution
Hemoglobin primarily transports oxygen from the lungs to the tissues of the body.
Correct Answer:
B
— Oxygen
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Q. What is the primary hormone responsible for maintaining pregnancy?
A.
Estrogen
B.
Progesterone
C.
Testosterone
D.
Oxytocin
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Solution
Progesterone is the primary hormone responsible for maintaining pregnancy.
Correct Answer:
B
— Progesterone
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Q. What is the primary hormone responsible for the regulation of the menstrual cycle?
A.
Estrogen
B.
Progesterone
C.
Luteinizing hormone
D.
Follicle-stimulating hormone
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Solution
Estrogen is the primary hormone that regulates the menstrual cycle, influencing the growth and maintenance of the endometrium.
Correct Answer:
A
— Estrogen
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Q. What is the primary mode of reproduction in most mammals?
A.
Oviparous
B.
Viviparous
C.
Ovoviviparous
D.
Asexual
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Solution
Most mammals reproduce viviparously, meaning they give birth to live young rather than laying eggs.
Correct Answer:
B
— Viviparous
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Q. What is the primary mode of reproduction in most reptiles?
A.
Live birth
B.
Egg-laying
C.
Budding
D.
Fission
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Solution
Most reptiles primarily reproduce through egg-laying, which is a characteristic of their reproductive strategy.
Correct Answer:
B
— Egg-laying
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Q. What is the primary muscle involved in inhalation?
A.
Diaphragm
B.
Intercostal muscles
C.
Abdominal muscles
D.
Pectoral muscles
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Solution
The diaphragm is the primary muscle involved in inhalation, contracting to increase the volume of the thoracic cavity and draw air into the lungs.
Correct Answer:
A
— Diaphragm
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Q. What is the primary muscle involved in the process of inhalation?
A.
Diaphragm
B.
Intercostal muscles
C.
Abdominal muscles
D.
Pectoral muscles
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Solution
The diaphragm contracts and moves downward, increasing the thoracic cavity volume and allowing air to flow into the lungs.
Correct Answer:
A
— Diaphragm
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Q. What is the primary pacemaker of the heart?
A.
Atrioventricular node
B.
Bundle of His
C.
Sinoatrial node
D.
Purkinje fibers
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Solution
The sinoatrial (SA) node is the primary pacemaker of the heart, initiating the heartbeat.
Correct Answer:
C
— Sinoatrial node
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Q. What is the primary purpose of prenatal care?
A.
To monitor fetal development
B.
To prepare for childbirth
C.
To prevent maternal infections
D.
To provide nutritional guidance
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Solution
The primary purpose of prenatal care is to monitor the health and development of the fetus throughout pregnancy.
Correct Answer:
A
— To monitor fetal development
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Q. What is the primary purpose of the amniotic fluid?
A.
To provide nutrients
B.
To cushion the fetus
C.
To facilitate gas exchange
D.
To store waste
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Solution
Amniotic fluid cushions the fetus, providing protection and allowing for movement.
Correct Answer:
B
— To cushion the fetus
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Q. What is the primary purpose of the nasal cavity in the respiratory system?
A.
To filter, warm, and humidify air
B.
To exchange gases
C.
To produce mucus
D.
To regulate airflow
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Solution
The nasal cavity filters, warms, and humidifies the air we breathe before it enters the lungs.
Correct Answer:
A
— To filter, warm, and humidify air
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Q. What is the primary purpose of the umbilical cord?
A.
To connect the fetus to the placenta
B.
To provide structural support
C.
To produce hormones
D.
To facilitate gas exchange
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Solution
The umbilical cord connects the fetus to the placenta, allowing for nutrient and waste exchange.
Correct Answer:
A
— To connect the fetus to the placenta
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Q. What is the primary role of capillaries in the circulatory system?
A.
To transport blood
B.
To exchange nutrients and waste
C.
To store blood
D.
To regulate blood flow
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Solution
Capillaries are the sites of exchange where nutrients and waste products are exchanged between blood and tissues.
Correct Answer:
B
— To exchange nutrients and waste
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Q. What is the primary role of the circulatory system in animals?
A.
Digestion of food
B.
Transport of nutrients and gases
C.
Reproduction
D.
Excretion of waste
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Solution
The primary role of the circulatory system is to transport nutrients, gases, hormones, and waste products throughout the body.
Correct Answer:
B
— Transport of nutrients and gases
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Q. What is the primary role of the nervous system in animals?
A.
Digestion
B.
Movement
C.
Coordination and response
D.
Reproduction
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Solution
The primary role of the nervous system is to coordinate and respond to stimuli from the environment.
Correct Answer:
C
— Coordination and response
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Q. What is the primary role of the nervous system?
A.
To support the body structure
B.
To coordinate body activities
C.
To produce hormones
D.
To digest food
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Solution
The primary role of the nervous system is to coordinate body activities by transmitting signals between different parts of the body.
Correct Answer:
B
— To coordinate body activities
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Q. What is the primary role of the placenta in mammals?
A.
Nutrient absorption
B.
Gas exchange
C.
Waste elimination
D.
All of the above
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Solution
The placenta facilitates nutrient absorption, gas exchange, and waste elimination between the mother and developing fetus.
Correct Answer:
D
— All of the above
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Q. What is the primary role of the stomach in digestion?
A.
Absorption of nutrients
B.
Mechanical and chemical digestion
C.
Storage of bile
D.
Production of insulin
Show solution
Solution
The stomach plays a key role in both mechanical and chemical digestion of food.
Correct Answer:
B
— Mechanical and chemical digestion
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Q. What is the primary role of villi in the small intestine?
A.
Secretion of enzymes
B.
Absorption of nutrients
C.
Mechanical digestion
D.
Storage of waste
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Solution
Villi are small, finger-like projections in the small intestine that increase the surface area for the absorption of nutrients.
Correct Answer:
B
— Absorption of nutrients
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Q. What is the primary site of gas exchange in the respiratory system?
A.
Bronchioles
B.
Trachea
C.
Alveoli
D.
Larynx
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Solution
The primary site of gas exchange in the respiratory system is the alveoli.
Correct Answer:
C
— Alveoli
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Q. What is the primary site of protein digestion in the human digestive system?
A.
Mouth
B.
Stomach
C.
Small intestine
D.
Large intestine
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Solution
The stomach is the primary site for protein digestion, where pepsin breaks down proteins into peptides.
Correct Answer:
B
— Stomach
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Q. What is the process by which organisms change over time through adaptations?
A.
Natural selection
B.
Genetic drift
C.
Mutation
D.
Speciation
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Solution
Natural selection is the process by which organisms change over time through adaptations that enhance survival and reproduction.
Correct Answer:
A
— Natural selection
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