Botany is the branch of Biology that focuses on the study of plants , their structure, functions, growth, reproduction, and role in the environment. This category is curated for school students (Classes 6–12) and undergraduate learners to build strong fundamentals with exam-focused clarity.
In this section, you’ll explore:
Plant morphology, anatomy, and physiology explained step-by-step
Reproduction in plants , development, and life cycles
Cell biology, genetics, and biotechnology concepts related to plants
Ecology and plant diversity with real-world relevance
Important questions, MCQs, diagrams, and revision notes for exams
The content is aligned with NCERT , school boards, and UG syllabi , making it highly useful for school exams, NEET preparation, and college assessments . Concepts are explained in simple language with a focus on understanding, not rote learning.
Build a strong foundation in plant sciences and master Botany with confidence.
Q. What is the main function of the Calvin cycle?
A.
To produce ATP
B.
To fix carbon dioxide
C.
To absorb light
D.
To release oxygen
Show solution
Solution
The main function of the Calvin cycle is to fix carbon dioxide into organic molecules.
Correct Answer:
B
— To fix carbon dioxide
Learn More →
Q. What is the main function of the cambium in plants?
A.
Photosynthesis
B.
Water transport
C.
Growth in thickness
D.
Nutrient storage
Show solution
Solution
The cambium is responsible for secondary growth, allowing plants to increase in thickness.
Correct Answer:
C
— Growth in thickness
Learn More →
Q. What is the main function of the enzyme RuBisCO in photosynthesis?
A.
Fixing carbon dioxide
B.
Producing ATP
C.
Splitting water
D.
Generating NADPH
Show solution
Solution
RuBisCO is responsible for fixing carbon dioxide in the Calvin cycle.
Correct Answer:
A
— Fixing carbon dioxide
Learn More →
Q. What is the main function of the light reactions in photosynthesis?
A.
To produce glucose
B.
To convert light energy into chemical energy
C.
To release carbon dioxide
D.
To absorb water
Show solution
Solution
The main function of the light reactions is to convert light energy into chemical energy in the form of ATP and NADPH.
Correct Answer:
B
— To convert light energy into chemical energy
Learn More →
Q. What is the main function of the light reactions?
A.
To produce glucose
B.
To convert solar energy to chemical energy
C.
To release carbon dioxide
D.
To synthesize proteins
Show solution
Solution
The main function of the light reactions is to convert solar energy into chemical energy in the form of ATP and NADPH.
Correct Answer:
B
— To convert solar energy to chemical energy
Learn More →
Q. What is the main function of the light-harvesting complexes?
A.
To transport electrons
B.
To absorb and transfer light energy
C.
To fix carbon
D.
To produce glucose
Show solution
Solution
Light-harvesting complexes absorb and transfer light energy to the reaction center.
Correct Answer:
B
— To absorb and transfer light energy
Learn More →
Q. What is the main function of the phloem in vascular plants?
A.
Transport water
B.
Transport nutrients
C.
Transport sugars
D.
Support structure
Show solution
Solution
Phloem is responsible for transporting sugars produced during photosynthesis throughout the plant.
Correct Answer:
C
— Transport sugars
Learn More →
Q. What is the main function of the RuBisCO enzyme in photosynthesis?
A.
To produce ATP
B.
To fix carbon dioxide
C.
To split water
D.
To generate NADPH
Show solution
Solution
RuBisCO catalyzes the fixation of carbon dioxide in the Calvin cycle.
Correct Answer:
B
— To fix carbon dioxide
Learn More →
Q. What is the main function of the thylakoid membrane?
A.
Storage of glucose
B.
Light absorption
C.
Carbon fixation
D.
Water splitting
Show solution
Solution
The thylakoid membrane's main function is to absorb light energy for photosynthesis.
Correct Answer:
B
— Light absorption
Learn More →
Q. What is the main function of the xylem in vascular plants?
A.
Transport of sugars
B.
Transport of water and minerals
C.
Photosynthesis
D.
Storage of nutrients
Show solution
Solution
Xylem is responsible for the transport of water and minerals from roots to other parts.
Correct Answer:
B
— Transport of water and minerals
Learn More →
Q. What is the main function of xylem in vascular plants?
A.
Transport of nutrients
B.
Transport of water
C.
Photosynthesis
D.
Storage of food
Show solution
Solution
Xylem is responsible for the transport of water and minerals from the roots to the rest of the plant.
Correct Answer:
B
— Transport of water
Learn More →
Q. What is the main goal of phytoremediation?
A.
To enhance plant growth
B.
To clean up contaminated environments
C.
To increase crop yield
D.
To improve soil fertility
Show solution
Solution
Phytoremediation uses plants to clean up contaminated environments by absorbing or degrading pollutants.
Correct Answer:
B
— To clean up contaminated environments
Learn More →
Q. What is the main goal of synthetic biology?
A.
To understand natural biological systems
B.
To create new biological parts and systems
C.
To clone animals
D.
To sequence genomes
Show solution
Solution
Synthetic biology aims to design and construct new biological parts and systems for various applications.
Correct Answer:
B
— To create new biological parts and systems
Learn More →
Q. What is the main health benefit of consuming omega-3 fatty acids found in certain plants?
A.
Improved digestion
B.
Heart health
C.
Bone strength
D.
Skin hydration
Show solution
Solution
Omega-3 fatty acids are known to support heart health and reduce inflammation.
Correct Answer:
B
— Heart health
Learn More →
Q. What is the main product of the Calvin cycle?
A.
Oxygen
B.
ATP
C.
Glucose
D.
NADPH
Show solution
Solution
The main product of the Calvin cycle is glucose, which is synthesized from carbon dioxide.
Correct Answer:
C
— Glucose
Learn More →
Q. What is the main product of the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis?
A.
Glucose
B.
Oxygen
C.
NADPH
D.
ATP
Show solution
Solution
Oxygen is released as a byproduct of the light-dependent reactions.
Correct Answer:
B
— Oxygen
Learn More →
Q. What is the main purpose of meristematic tissue in plants?
A.
Storage of food
B.
Growth and development
C.
Transport of water
D.
Photosynthesis
Show solution
Solution
Meristematic tissue is responsible for the growth and development of new cells in plants.
Correct Answer:
B
— Growth and development
Learn More →
Q. What is the main purpose of photosynthesis?
A.
To produce oxygen
B.
To convert solar energy into chemical energy
C.
To absorb nutrients
D.
To release carbon dioxide
Show solution
Solution
The main purpose of photosynthesis is to convert solar energy into chemical energy in the form of glucose.
Correct Answer:
B
— To convert solar energy into chemical energy
Learn More →
Q. What is the main purpose of plant reproduction?
A.
Growth
B.
Survival
C.
Genetic diversity
D.
Photosynthesis
Show solution
Solution
The main purpose of plant reproduction is to ensure genetic diversity and the continuation of the species.
Correct Answer:
C
— Genetic diversity
Learn More →
Q. What is the main purpose of plant transpiration?
A.
Nutrient storage
B.
Water regulation
C.
Photosynthesis
D.
Seed dispersal
Show solution
Solution
Transpiration helps regulate water loss and maintain nutrient flow in plants.
Correct Answer:
B
— Water regulation
Learn More →
Q. What is the main purpose of plant tropisms?
A.
Reproduction
B.
Growth direction
C.
Nutrient uptake
D.
Water conservation
Show solution
Solution
Tropisms are growth responses that direct plants towards or away from environmental stimuli.
Correct Answer:
B
— Growth direction
Learn More →
Q. What is the main purpose of the Calvin cycle in photosynthesis?
A.
To produce ATP
B.
To fix carbon dioxide
C.
To generate oxygen
D.
To absorb light energy
Show solution
Solution
The main purpose of the Calvin cycle is to fix carbon dioxide into organic molecules.
Correct Answer:
B
— To fix carbon dioxide
Learn More →
Q. What is the main purpose of the Calvin cycle?
A.
To absorb light
B.
To produce ATP
C.
To fix carbon dioxide
D.
To release oxygen
Show solution
Solution
The Calvin cycle's main purpose is to fix carbon dioxide into organic molecules.
Correct Answer:
C
— To fix carbon dioxide
Learn More →
Q. What is the main purpose of the dark reactions (Calvin cycle) in photosynthesis?
A.
To capture light energy
B.
To produce ATP
C.
To fix carbon dioxide into organic molecules
D.
To release oxygen
Show solution
Solution
The dark reactions, or Calvin cycle, fix carbon dioxide into organic molecules like glucose.
Correct Answer:
C
— To fix carbon dioxide into organic molecules
Learn More →
Q. What is the main purpose of the light reactions in photosynthesis?
A.
To produce glucose
B.
To convert solar energy into chemical energy
C.
To release carbon dioxide
D.
To synthesize chlorophyll
Show solution
Solution
The main purpose of the light reactions is to convert solar energy into chemical energy in the form of ATP and NADPH.
Correct Answer:
B
— To convert solar energy into chemical energy
Learn More →
Q. What is the main purpose of the plant cuticle?
A.
Photosynthesis
B.
Water retention
C.
Nutrient absorption
D.
Gas exchange
Show solution
Solution
The cuticle helps in water retention by reducing water loss.
Correct Answer:
B
— Water retention
Learn More →
Q. What is the main purpose of the xylem in vascular plants?
A.
Transport of sugars
B.
Transport of water
C.
Photosynthesis
D.
Storage of nutrients
Show solution
Solution
Xylem is responsible for transporting water and dissolved minerals from roots to other parts of the plant.
Correct Answer:
B
— Transport of water
Learn More →
Q. What is the main role of chloroplasts in plant cells?
A.
Energy production
B.
Photosynthesis
C.
Cell division
D.
Respiration
Show solution
Solution
Chloroplasts are the organelles in plant cells where photosynthesis occurs, converting light energy into chemical energy.
Correct Answer:
B
— Photosynthesis
Learn More →
Q. What is the main role of mycorrhizal fungi in plant ecology?
A.
Photosynthesis
B.
Nutrient absorption
C.
Seed dispersal
D.
Pollination
Show solution
Solution
Mycorrhizal fungi form symbiotic relationships with plant roots, enhancing nutrient absorption, particularly phosphorus.
Correct Answer:
B
— Nutrient absorption
Learn More →
Q. What is the main role of phloem in plants?
A.
Transport water
B.
Transport nutrients
C.
Transport sugars
D.
Provide structural support
Show solution
Solution
Phloem is responsible for the transport of sugars and other metabolic products downward from the leaves.
Correct Answer:
C
— Transport sugars
Learn More →
Showing 121 to 150 of 784 (27 Pages)