Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a widely used technique to amplify specific DNA sequences.

All of the options represent traits that can arise from mutations in genes.

Incomplete dominance is not a characteristic of Mendelian inheritance; it describes a situation where the phenotype is intermediate between the two parental traits.

An amino group is not a component of a nucleotide; nucleotides consist of a phosphate group, a nitrogenous base, and a sugar.

RNA contains ribose sugar, not deoxyribose, which is found in DNA.

A silent mutation does not change the amino acid sequence due to the redundancy of the genetic code.

A point mutation involves a change in a single nucleotide, which can lead to a different amino acid being incorporated into a protein.

A point mutation is a change in a single nucleotide in the DNA sequence.

Frameshift mutations can alter the reading frame of the genetic code, potentially leading to a completely nonfunctional protein.

A nonsense mutation introduces a premature stop codon, leading to a truncated and often nonfunctional protein, which can have significant effects.

Frameshift mutations can alter the reading frame of the genetic code, potentially leading to completely different and nonfunctional proteins.

A nonsense mutation introduces a premature stop codon, leading to a truncated and often nonfunctional protein.

After transcription, the primary RNA transcript undergoes splicing to remove introns before translation.

Transcription is the process where RNA is synthesized from a DNA template.

Transcription occurs first in the central dogma, where DNA is transcribed into mRNA before translation into protein.

The genotype 'aa' indicates that both alleles are recessive, making it homozygous recessive.

A homozygous genotype consists of two identical alleles, such as AA or aa.

A homozygous recessive genotype is represented by 'aa', where both alleles are recessive.

Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a technique used to amplify specific DNA sequences, making millions of copies of a particular segment.

Transformation is the process of introducing recombinant DNA into a host cell, allowing for expression or replication.

Gel electrophoresis is used to separate DNA fragments based on their size.

Translation directly follows transcription, where the mRNA is translated into a polypeptide chain at the ribosome.

Translation is the process by which the sequence of nucleotides in mRNA is translated into a sequence of amino acids, forming a protein.

Transcription is the process of synthesizing RNA from a DNA template.

Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a technique used to amplify specific DNA segments.

Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is used to amplify specific DNA segments.

Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a technique used to amplify specific DNA sequences.

Transformation is the process of introducing foreign DNA into a host cell, often used in cloning.

Gel electrophoresis is used to separate DNA fragments according to their size, allowing for analysis and comparison.

Gel electrophoresis is a method used to separate DNA fragments based on their size and charge.