Zoology & Human Biology focuses on the structure, function, development, and regulation of animal and human biological systems . This subject forms a major component of Class 11–12 Biology , NEET , and undergraduate life science courses , linking basic biological principles with human health and physiology.
In this section, you will study:
Structural organization in animals
Animal tissues and organ systems
Human anatomy and physiology
Digestion, respiration, circulation, and excretion
Neural and hormonal coordination
Human reproduction and development
Health, disease, and homeostasis
NCERT-aligned explanations, diagrams, MCQs, and exam-oriented questions
The content is structured to build conceptual clarity , improve functional understanding , and prepare students for school examinations, NEET, and undergraduate assessments .
Develop a strong foundation in zoology and human biology to understand animal life processes and human physiological systems with scientific accuracy and exam readiness.
Q. Which of the following is NOT a part of the human digestive tract?
A.
Esophagus
B.
Stomach
C.
Pancreas
D.
Large intestine
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Solution
The pancreas is an accessory organ and is not part of the digestive tract itself.
Correct Answer:
C
— Pancreas
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Q. Which of the following structures is NOT part of the upper respiratory tract?
A.
Nasal cavity
B.
Pharynx
C.
Larynx
D.
Bronchi
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Solution
The bronchi are part of the lower respiratory tract, while the nasal cavity, pharynx, and larynx are part of the upper respiratory tract.
Correct Answer:
D
— Bronchi
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Q. Which of the following structures is responsible for gas exchange in mammals?
A.
Bronchi
B.
Alveoli
C.
Trachea
D.
Lungs
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Solution
Alveoli are tiny air sacs in the lungs where gas exchange occurs, allowing oxygen to enter the blood and carbon dioxide to be expelled.
Correct Answer:
B
— Alveoli
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Q. Which of the following structures is responsible for the exchange of nutrients and waste between the mother and fetus?
A.
Umbilical cord
B.
Amniotic sac
C.
Placenta
D.
Chorion
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Solution
The placenta is responsible for the exchange of nutrients and waste between the mother and fetus.
Correct Answer:
C
— Placenta
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Q. Which organ is primarily responsible for detoxifying chemicals in the human body?
A.
Kidney
B.
Liver
C.
Heart
D.
Lungs
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Solution
The liver plays a crucial role in detoxifying chemicals and metabolizing drugs.
Correct Answer:
B
— Liver
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Q. Which organ is primarily responsible for filtering blood in mammals?
A.
Liver
B.
Heart
C.
Kidneys
D.
Lungs
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Solution
The kidneys are primarily responsible for filtering blood and removing waste products from the body.
Correct Answer:
C
— Kidneys
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Q. Which organ produces bile that aids in the digestion of fats?
A.
Pancreas
B.
Liver
C.
Gallbladder
D.
Stomach
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Solution
The liver produces bile, which is stored in the gallbladder and released into the small intestine to help digest fats.
Correct Answer:
B
— Liver
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Q. Which organ produces bile?
A.
Pancreas
B.
Liver
C.
Gallbladder
D.
Stomach
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Solution
The liver produces bile, which is stored in the gallbladder and helps in the digestion of fats.
Correct Answer:
B
— Liver
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Q. Which part of the brain is responsible for regulating balance and coordination?
A.
Cerebrum
B.
Cerebellum
C.
Brainstem
D.
Thalamus
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Solution
The cerebellum is responsible for coordinating voluntary movements and maintaining balance.
Correct Answer:
B
— Cerebellum
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Q. Which part of the brain regulates the rate and depth of breathing?
A.
Cerebrum
B.
Cerebellum
C.
Medulla oblongata
D.
Thalamus
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Solution
The medulla oblongata controls autonomic functions, including the regulation of breathing patterns.
Correct Answer:
C
— Medulla oblongata
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Q. Which part of the brain regulates the rate of breathing?
A.
Cerebrum
B.
Cerebellum
C.
Medulla oblongata
D.
Thalamus
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Solution
The medulla oblongata is responsible for regulating the rate and depth of breathing based on the body's needs.
Correct Answer:
C
— Medulla oblongata
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Q. Which part of the brain regulates the respiratory rate?
A.
Cerebrum
B.
Cerebellum
C.
Medulla oblongata
D.
Thalamus
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Solution
The medulla oblongata is the part of the brain that regulates the respiratory rate by responding to carbon dioxide levels in the blood.
Correct Answer:
C
— Medulla oblongata
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Q. Which part of the digestive system is primarily involved in water absorption?
A.
Stomach
B.
Small intestine
C.
Large intestine
D.
Esophagus
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Solution
The large intestine is primarily responsible for the absorption of water from indigestible food matter.
Correct Answer:
C
— Large intestine
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Q. Which part of the digestive system is primarily responsible for water absorption?
A.
Mouth
B.
Stomach
C.
Small intestine
D.
Large intestine
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Solution
The large intestine is primarily responsible for the absorption of water and electrolytes from indigestible food matter.
Correct Answer:
D
— Large intestine
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Q. Which part of the heart is responsible for pumping blood to the lungs?
A.
Left atrium
B.
Right atrium
C.
Left ventricle
D.
Right ventricle
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Solution
The right ventricle pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs for oxygenation.
Correct Answer:
D
— Right ventricle
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Q. Which part of the heart is responsible for pumping oxygenated blood to the body?
A.
Right atrium
B.
Left atrium
C.
Right ventricle
D.
Left ventricle
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Solution
The left ventricle is responsible for pumping oxygenated blood to the body.
Correct Answer:
D
— Left ventricle
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Q. Which part of the human digestive system is primarily involved in water absorption?
A.
Stomach
B.
Small intestine
C.
Large intestine
D.
Esophagus
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Solution
The large intestine is primarily responsible for the absorption of water from indigestible food matter.
Correct Answer:
C
— Large intestine
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Q. Which part of the respiratory system is responsible for the actual exchange of gases?
A.
Bronchi
B.
Alveoli
C.
Trachea
D.
Larynx
Show solution
Solution
The alveoli are tiny air sacs in the lungs where the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide occurs.
Correct Answer:
B
— Alveoli
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Q. Which phase of the menstrual cycle is characterized by the thickening of the endometrium?
A.
Follicular phase
B.
Ovulation
C.
Luteal phase
D.
Menstrual phase
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Solution
The follicular phase is characterized by the thickening of the endometrium in preparation for potential implantation.
Correct Answer:
A
— Follicular phase
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Q. Which phase of the menstrual cycle is characterized by the thickening of the uterine lining?
A.
Follicular phase
B.
Ovulation phase
C.
Luteal phase
D.
Menstrual phase
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Solution
The luteal phase is characterized by the thickening of the uterine lining in preparation for potential implantation.
Correct Answer:
C
— Luteal phase
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Q. Which reproductive strategy involves the development of offspring inside the mother's body?
A.
Oviparity
B.
Viviparity
C.
Ovoviviparity
D.
Asexual reproduction
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Solution
Viviparity is the reproductive strategy where offspring develop inside the mother's body and are born live.
Correct Answer:
B
— Viviparity
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Q. Which respiratory condition is characterized by chronic inflammation of the airways?
A.
Asthma
B.
Pneumonia
C.
Bronchitis
D.
Emphysema
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Solution
Asthma is characterized by chronic inflammation of the airways, leading to difficulty in breathing.
Correct Answer:
A
— Asthma
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Q. Which respiratory condition is characterized by inflammation of the airways?
A.
Asthma
B.
Pneumonia
C.
Bronchitis
D.
Emphysema
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Solution
Bronchitis is characterized by inflammation of the bronchial tubes, leading to coughing and difficulty breathing.
Correct Answer:
C
— Bronchitis
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Q. Which respiratory condition is characterized by the inflammation of the airways?
A.
Asthma
B.
Pneumonia
C.
Emphysema
D.
Bronchitis
Show solution
Solution
Bronchitis is the inflammation of the bronchial tubes, leading to coughing and difficulty breathing.
Correct Answer:
D
— Bronchitis
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Q. Which respiratory condition is primarily caused by smoking?
A.
Asthma
B.
Lung cancer
C.
Cystic fibrosis
D.
Tuberculosis
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Solution
Lung cancer is primarily caused by smoking, which introduces carcinogens that can lead to the development of cancerous cells in lung tissue.
Correct Answer:
B
— Lung cancer
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Q. Which structure connects the fetus to the placenta?
A.
Umbilical cord
B.
Fallopian tube
C.
Vagina
D.
Cervix
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Solution
The umbilical cord connects the fetus to the placenta, facilitating nutrient and waste exchange.
Correct Answer:
A
— Umbilical cord
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Q. Which structure develops from the ectoderm during embryonic development?
A.
Muscles
B.
Skin and nervous system
C.
Digestive system
D.
Lungs
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Solution
The ectoderm gives rise to the skin and nervous system during embryonic development.
Correct Answer:
B
— Skin and nervous system
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Q. Which structure in the heart initiates the electrical impulse for contraction?
A.
Atrioventricular node
B.
Sinoatrial node
C.
Bundle of His
D.
Purkinje fibers
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Solution
The sinoatrial (SA) node initiates the electrical impulse that triggers heart contractions.
Correct Answer:
B
— Sinoatrial node
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Q. Which structure in the human body is responsible for producing insulin?
A.
Liver
B.
Pancreas
C.
Kidneys
D.
Spleen
Show solution
Solution
The pancreas is responsible for producing insulin, a hormone that regulates blood sugar levels.
Correct Answer:
B
— Pancreas
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Q. Which structure in the human eye is responsible for focusing light onto the retina?
A.
Cornea
B.
Lens
C.
Iris
D.
Pupil
Show solution
Solution
The lens is responsible for focusing light onto the retina, allowing for clear vision.
Correct Answer:
B
— Lens
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