Plant Cells and Tissues - Study for Competitive Exams

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Plant Cells and Tissues

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Plant Cells and Tissues focuses on the structure, organization, and specialization of plant cells and their arrangement into tissues. This category helps students understand how cellular structure supports plant growth, function, and survival. It is suitable for school students (Classes 9–12), NEET aspirants, and undergraduate learners.

In this section, you will study:

Structure and characteristics of plant cells
Differences between plant and animal cells
Cell wall composition and its functions
Meristematic tissues and their types
Permanent tissues including simple and complex tissues
Organization of tissues in roots, stems, and leaves
NCERT-based explanations, diagrams, MCQs, and exam-oriented questions

The content is structured to build strong conceptual foundations, improve diagram-based answers, and help students perform confidently in school examinations, NEET, and undergraduate assessments.

Develop a clear understanding of how plant cells are organized into tissues and how this organization supports plant structure and function.

Q. What is the function of collenchyma cells?

A. Transport water
B. Provide flexible support
C. Store nutrients
D. Conduct photosynthesis

Solution

Collenchyma cells provide flexible support to young stems and leaves.

Correct Answer: B — Provide flexible support

Q. What is the main characteristic of sclerenchyma cells?

A. Flexible and living at maturity
B. Thick, lignified cell walls and dead at maturity
C. Thin cell walls and living at maturity
D. Photosynthetic and living at maturity

Solution

Sclerenchyma cells have thick, lignified walls and are dead at maturity, providing structural support.

Correct Answer: B — Thick, lignified cell walls and dead at maturity

Q. What is the main role of phloem in plants?

A. Transport water
B. Transport nutrients
C. Transport sugars
D. Provide structural support

Solution

Phloem is responsible for the transport of sugars and other metabolic products downward from the leaves.

Correct Answer: C — Transport sugars

Q. What is the main role of sclerenchyma cells?

A. Transport nutrients
B. Provide structural support
C. Store carbohydrates
D. Conduct photosynthesis

Solution

Sclerenchyma cells provide structural support due to their thick, lignified cell walls.

Correct Answer: B — Provide structural support

Q. What is the primary function of collenchyma cells?

A. Transport nutrients
B. Provide flexible support
C. Store water
D. Conduct photosynthesis

Solution

Collenchyma cells provide flexible support to young stems and leaves, allowing for growth and movement.

Correct Answer: B — Provide flexible support

Q. What is the primary function of parenchyma cells in plants?

A. Transport water and nutrients
B. Provide structural support
C. Store food and nutrients
D. Conduct photosynthesis

Solution

Parenchyma cells primarily function in storage, as they can store starch, oils, and water.

Correct Answer: C — Store food and nutrients

Q. What is the primary function of phloem in plants?

A. Transport water
B. Transport nutrients
C. Transport sugars
D. Provide support

Solution

Phloem is responsible for the transport of sugars and other metabolic products downward from the leaves.

Correct Answer: C — Transport sugars

Q. What is the primary role of phloem in plants?

A. Transport water
B. Transport nutrients
C. Transport sugars
D. Provide structural support

Solution

Phloem is primarily responsible for the transport of sugars and other metabolic products downward from the leaves.

Correct Answer: C — Transport sugars

Q. What type of cell is responsible for photosynthesis in leaves?

A. Sclerenchyma
B. Collenchyma
C. Chlorenchyma
D. Meristematic

Solution

Chlorenchyma cells, which contain chloroplasts, are specialized for photosynthesis.

Correct Answer: C — Chlorenchyma

Q. What type of cells are responsible for the flexibility of young stems?

A. Parenchyma
B. Collenchyma
C. Sclerenchyma
D. Xylem

Solution

Collenchyma cells provide flexibility and support to young stems and petioles.

Correct Answer: B — Collenchyma

Q. What type of cells are responsible for the transport of nutrients in plants?

A. Xylem
B. Phloem
C. Parenchyma
D. Collenchyma

Solution

Phloem cells are responsible for the transport of nutrients, particularly sugars, throughout the plant.

Correct Answer: B — Phloem

Q. What type of cells are specialized for water storage in succulent plants?

A. Collenchyma
B. Sclerenchyma
C. Parenchyma
D. Epidermal cells

Solution

Parenchyma cells in succulent plants are specialized for water storage due to their large vacuoles.

Correct Answer: C — Parenchyma

Q. What type of cells make up the outer protective layer of a plant?

A. Parenchyma
B. Collenchyma
C. Sclerenchyma
D. Epidermal cells

Solution

Epidermal cells form the outer protective layer of the plant, serving as a barrier against environmental damage.

Correct Answer: D — Epidermal cells

Q. What type of tissue forms the outer protective layer of a plant?

A. Vascular tissue
B. Ground tissue
C. Dermal tissue
D. Meristematic tissue

Solution

Dermal tissue forms the outer protective layer of the plant, including the epidermis.

Correct Answer: C — Dermal tissue

Q. Which of the following is a characteristic of sclerenchyma cells?

A. Living at maturity
B. Thick secondary walls
C. Flexible structure
D. Photosynthetic

Solution

Sclerenchyma cells have thick secondary walls and are typically dead at maturity, providing structural support.

Correct Answer: B — Thick secondary walls

Q. Which plant tissue is primarily involved in the transport of nutrients and photosynthates?

A. Xylem
B. Phloem
C. Cortex
D. Sclerenchyma

Solution

Phloem is primarily involved in the transport of nutrients and photosynthates throughout the plant.

Correct Answer: B — Phloem

Q. Which type of meristem is responsible for the increase in length of roots and shoots?

A. Lateral meristem
B. Apical meristem
C. Intercalary meristem
D. Cork cambium

Solution

Apical meristem is responsible for the primary growth, leading to an increase in length of roots and shoots.

Correct Answer: B — Apical meristem

Q. Which type of plant tissue is primarily involved in the healing of wounds?

A. Parenchyma
B. Collenchyma
C. Meristematic tissue
D. Sclerenchyma

Solution

Meristematic tissue is involved in the healing of wounds as it contains undifferentiated cells that can divide and differentiate.

Correct Answer: C — Meristematic tissue

Q. Which type of plant tissue is responsible for secondary growth?

A. Apical meristem
B. Lateral meristem
C. Ground tissue
D. Epidermal tissue

Solution

Lateral meristem is responsible for secondary growth, which increases the thickness of stems and roots.

Correct Answer: B — Lateral meristem

Q. Which type of plant tissue is responsible for the transport of water?

A. Phloem
B. Xylem
C. Cortex
D. Epidermis

Solution

Xylem is the tissue responsible for the transport of water and dissolved minerals from the roots to the rest of the plant.

Correct Answer: B — Xylem

Q. Which type of tissue is primarily involved in photosynthesis?

A. Meristematic tissue
B. Ground tissue
C. Vascular tissue
D. Dermal tissue

Solution

Ground tissue, particularly parenchyma cells containing chloroplasts, is primarily involved in photosynthesis.

Correct Answer: B — Ground tissue

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