Human Health and Disease focuses on understanding the factors that affect human health, the causes of diseases, and the body’s defense mechanisms. This category is designed for school students (Classes 9–12) , NEET aspirants , and undergraduate learners , with strong emphasis on NCERT concepts and exam relevance.
In this section, you will study:
Concepts of health and disease
Common infectious and non-infectious diseases and their causes
Pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, protozoa, and helminths
Immunity, immune system, and vaccination
Allergies, autoimmune disorders, and cancer
Drug and alcohol abuse and their effects
NCERT-based explanations, diagrams, MCQs, and exam-oriented questions
The content is structured to build clear understanding of health-related concepts , improve application-based answers , and help students score well in school examinations, NEET, and undergraduate assessments .
Develop a strong foundation in human health and disease to better understand the science behind illness, prevention, and immunity.
Q. What is the main benefit of consuming antioxidants found in fruits and vegetables?
A.
Increase energy
B.
Reduce inflammation
C.
Enhance digestion
D.
Improve vision
Show solution
Solution
Antioxidants help reduce inflammation and combat oxidative stress in the body.
Correct Answer:
B
— Reduce inflammation
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Q. What is the main benefit of consuming cruciferous vegetables like broccoli and kale?
A.
High protein content
B.
Rich in antioxidants
C.
Low calorie count
D.
High fat content
Show solution
Solution
Cruciferous vegetables are rich in antioxidants, which help protect against diseases.
Correct Answer:
B
— Rich in antioxidants
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Q. What is the main benefit of consuming dietary fiber from plants?
A.
Increased energy
B.
Improved digestion
C.
Enhanced taste
D.
Faster metabolism
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Solution
Dietary fiber aids in digestion and helps maintain gut health.
Correct Answer:
B
— Improved digestion
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Q. What is the main benefit of consuming omega-3 fatty acids found in certain plants?
A.
Improved digestion
B.
Enhanced cognitive function
C.
Increased energy
D.
Better skin hydration
Show solution
Solution
Omega-3 fatty acids, found in plants like flaxseed, are known to enhance cognitive function and support brain health.
Correct Answer:
B
— Enhanced cognitive function
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Q. What is the main function of alkaloids in plants?
A.
Energy storage
B.
Defense against herbivores
C.
Water retention
D.
Photosynthesis
Show solution
Solution
Alkaloids serve as a defense mechanism against herbivores due to their toxicity.
Correct Answer:
B
— Defense against herbivores
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Q. What is the main function of antioxidants found in plants?
A.
Promote growth
B.
Prevent oxidative stress
C.
Aid in reproduction
D.
Enhance photosynthesis
Show solution
Solution
Antioxidants help prevent oxidative stress by neutralizing free radicals.
Correct Answer:
B
— Prevent oxidative stress
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Q. What is the main health benefit of consuming omega-3 fatty acids found in certain plants?
A.
Improved digestion
B.
Heart health
C.
Bone strength
D.
Skin hydration
Show solution
Solution
Omega-3 fatty acids are known to support heart health and reduce inflammation.
Correct Answer:
B
— Heart health
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Q. What is the primary benefit of consuming antioxidants found in fruits and vegetables?
A.
Increase energy
B.
Reduce inflammation
C.
Enhance growth
D.
Improve taste
Show solution
Solution
Antioxidants help reduce inflammation and combat oxidative stress in the body.
Correct Answer:
B
— Reduce inflammation
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Q. What is the primary benefit of consuming antioxidants from plant sources?
A.
Increased energy
B.
Improved digestion
C.
Reduced oxidative stress
D.
Enhanced growth
Show solution
Solution
Antioxidants help reduce oxidative stress, which can lead to various diseases.
Correct Answer:
C
— Reduced oxidative stress
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Q. What is the primary benefit of consuming dietary fiber from plants?
A.
Increased protein intake
B.
Improved digestive health
C.
Enhanced taste
D.
Higher fat content
Show solution
Solution
Dietary fiber from plants is crucial for improving digestive health and preventing constipation.
Correct Answer:
B
— Improved digestive health
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Q. What is the primary benefit of consuming omega-3 fatty acids from plant sources?
A.
Improved digestion
B.
Heart health
C.
Bone strength
D.
Skin hydration
Show solution
Solution
Omega-3 fatty acids, found in flaxseeds and walnuts, are beneficial for heart health.
Correct Answer:
B
— Heart health
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Q. What is the primary function of antioxidants found in fruits and vegetables?
A.
Increase growth rate
B.
Protect against cellular damage
C.
Enhance color
D.
Aid in photosynthesis
Show solution
Solution
Antioxidants protect cells from damage caused by free radicals.
Correct Answer:
B
— Protect against cellular damage
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Q. What is the primary function of essential oils derived from plants in human health?
A.
Nutrient absorption
B.
Aromatherapy and relaxation
C.
Photosynthesis
D.
Water storage
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Solution
Essential oils are often used in aromatherapy for their calming and therapeutic effects.
Correct Answer:
B
— Aromatherapy and relaxation
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Q. What is the primary function of flavonoids in plants?
A.
Photosynthesis
B.
Pollination
C.
UV protection
D.
Water absorption
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Solution
Flavonoids protect plants from UV radiation and also have health benefits for humans.
Correct Answer:
C
— UV protection
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Q. What is the primary health benefit of consuming cruciferous vegetables?
A.
High protein content
B.
Rich in antioxidants
C.
Low calorie
D.
High fat content
Show solution
Solution
Cruciferous vegetables like broccoli and kale are rich in antioxidants that may reduce cancer risk.
Correct Answer:
B
— Rich in antioxidants
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Q. What is the primary role of flavonoids in plants that also benefits human health?
A.
Photosynthesis
B.
Pollination
C.
Antioxidant activity
D.
Water retention
Show solution
Solution
Flavonoids serve as antioxidants in plants and can help reduce oxidative stress in humans.
Correct Answer:
C
— Antioxidant activity
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Q. What is the primary role of flavonoids in plants?
A.
Photosynthesis
B.
Pollination
C.
UV protection
D.
Water absorption
Show solution
Solution
Flavonoids protect plants from UV radiation and also have health benefits for humans.
Correct Answer:
C
— UV protection
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Q. What is the role of alkaloids in plants?
A.
Photosynthesis
B.
Defense against herbivores
C.
Water storage
D.
Nutrient absorption
Show solution
Solution
Alkaloids serve as a defense mechanism against herbivores due to their toxicity.
Correct Answer:
B
— Defense against herbivores
Learn More →
Q. What is the role of essential oils derived from plants in human health?
A.
Photosynthesis
B.
Antimicrobial properties
C.
Water absorption
D.
Nutrient storage
Show solution
Solution
Essential oils from plants often possess antimicrobial properties, making them useful in health and wellness.
Correct Answer:
B
— Antimicrobial properties
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Q. What is the role of essential oils in plants that can also benefit human health?
A.
Photosynthesis
B.
Defense against pests
C.
Water absorption
D.
Nutrient storage
Show solution
Solution
Essential oils help plants defend against pests and can have therapeutic effects in humans.
Correct Answer:
B
— Defense against pests
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Q. What is the role of essential oils in plants that can also have therapeutic effects on humans?
A.
Photosynthesis
B.
Defense mechanisms
C.
Water storage
D.
Nutrient absorption
Show solution
Solution
Essential oils help protect plants from pests and diseases, and can have therapeutic effects when used in aromatherapy.
Correct Answer:
B
— Defense mechanisms
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Q. What is the role of essential oils in plants?
A.
Photosynthesis
B.
Defense against herbivores
C.
Water storage
D.
Nutrient absorption
Show solution
Solution
Essential oils serve as a defense mechanism against herbivores and pathogens.
Correct Answer:
B
— Defense against herbivores
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Q. What is the role of phytochemicals in human health?
A.
Provide energy
B.
Enhance flavor
C.
Prevent disease
D.
Increase growth rate
Show solution
Solution
Phytochemicals are compounds in plants that can help prevent diseases.
Correct Answer:
C
— Prevent disease
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Q. What is the role of phytosterols found in plants regarding human health?
A.
Increase cholesterol levels
B.
Lower cholesterol levels
C.
Enhance flavor
D.
Promote growth
Show solution
Solution
Phytosterols can help lower cholesterol levels in humans by blocking the absorption of cholesterol in the intestines.
Correct Answer:
B
— Lower cholesterol levels
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Q. What is the role of phytosterols in human health?
A.
Increase blood sugar
B.
Lower cholesterol
C.
Enhance digestion
D.
Boost immunity
Show solution
Solution
Phytosterols are known to lower cholesterol levels in the body.
Correct Answer:
B
— Lower cholesterol
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Q. What is the significance of alkaloids in plants?
A.
Photosynthesis
B.
Medicinal properties
C.
Water storage
D.
Nutrient transport
Show solution
Solution
Alkaloids have significant medicinal properties and can affect human health.
Correct Answer:
B
— Medicinal properties
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Q. What is the significance of antioxidants found in fruits and vegetables for human health?
A.
They provide energy
B.
They prevent cell damage
C.
They enhance flavor
D.
They increase weight
Show solution
Solution
Antioxidants help prevent cell damage caused by free radicals, thus playing a crucial role in maintaining health.
Correct Answer:
B
— They prevent cell damage
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Q. What is the significance of phytochemicals in plants for human health?
A.
They are essential nutrients
B.
They provide color to flowers
C.
They have health-promoting properties
D.
They are used for photosynthesis
Show solution
Solution
Phytochemicals are bioactive compounds in plants that have health-promoting properties, contributing to disease prevention.
Correct Answer:
C
— They have health-promoting properties
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Q. What is the significance of terpenes in plants?
A.
Photosynthesis
B.
Aromatic properties
C.
Nutrient storage
D.
Water retention
Show solution
Solution
Terpenes contribute to the aromatic properties of plants and have various health benefits.
Correct Answer:
B
— Aromatic properties
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Q. What role do terpenes play in plant health and human medicine?
A.
Photosynthesis
B.
Aromatic properties
C.
Nutrient absorption
D.
Water retention
Show solution
Solution
Terpenes contribute to the aroma of plants and have various therapeutic effects.
Correct Answer:
B
— Aromatic properties
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