Microbes in Human Welfare

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Microbes in Human Welfare focuses on the beneficial role of microorganisms in everyday life, industry, agriculture, and environmental management. This category is designed for school students (Classes 11–12), NEET aspirants, and undergraduate learners, with strong emphasis on NCERT-based concepts and exam relevance.

In this section, you will study:

  • Microbes in household products such as curd, bread, and fermented foods

  • Role of microbes in industrial products like antibiotics, enzymes, and organic acids

  • Microorganisms in sewage treatment and waste management

  • Use of microbes in biogas production and biofertilizers

  • Microbes as biological control agents

  • NCERT-based explanations, flowcharts, diagrams, MCQs, and exam-oriented questions

The content is structured to build clear conceptual understanding, improve application-based answers, and help students score well in school examinations, NEET, and undergraduate assessments.

Understand how microorganisms contribute positively to human welfare and play a vital role in sustainable living.

Q. What is the primary benefit of using nitrogen-fixing bacteria in agriculture?
  • A. They increase soil acidity
  • B. They enhance soil structure
  • C. They provide a natural source of nitrogen
  • D. They promote plant disease resistance
Q. What is the primary function of actinomycetes in soil?
  • A. Nitrogen fixation
  • B. Decomposition of organic matter
  • C. Photosynthesis
  • D. Pathogen resistance
Q. What is the primary function of probiotics in human health?
  • A. To enhance digestion
  • B. To produce vitamins
  • C. To increase appetite
  • D. To cause infections
Q. What is the role of actinobacteria in soil health?
  • A. They cause plant diseases
  • B. They decompose organic matter
  • C. They fix carbon dioxide
  • D. They produce antibiotics
Q. What is the role of Rhizobium bacteria in legume plants?
  • A. Decomposing organic matter
  • B. Fixing atmospheric nitrogen
  • C. Promoting root growth
  • D. Producing secondary metabolites
Q. What is the role of Rhizobium in legume plants?
  • A. Decomposing organic matter
  • B. Fixing atmospheric nitrogen
  • C. Promoting root growth
  • D. Enhancing photosynthesis
Q. What is the role of Rhizobium in plant ecology?
  • A. Decomposing organic matter
  • B. Forming symbiotic relationships with legumes
  • C. Causing plant diseases
  • D. Producing antibiotics
Q. What is the significance of endophytes in plants?
  • A. They cause diseases
  • B. They enhance plant growth
  • C. They compete with roots for nutrients
  • D. They are harmful to humans
Q. What is the significance of using biopesticides derived from microbes?
  • A. They are more toxic than chemical pesticides
  • B. They can target specific pests without harming beneficial organisms
  • C. They are less effective than synthetic pesticides
  • D. They require more frequent application
Q. What is the significance of using microbes in bioremediation?
  • A. They increase soil fertility
  • B. They degrade environmental pollutants
  • C. They enhance plant growth
  • D. They produce biofuels
Q. What is the significance of using probiotics in agriculture?
  • A. They increase crop yield
  • B. They enhance soil pH
  • C. They promote weed growth
  • D. They reduce water retention
Q. What is the significance of using Trichoderma in agriculture?
  • A. It enhances photosynthesis
  • B. It acts as a biocontrol agent
  • C. It increases soil salinity
  • D. It promotes root growth
Q. What role do mycorrhizal fungi play in plant health?
  • A. They decompose organic matter
  • B. They fix atmospheric nitrogen
  • C. They enhance nutrient absorption
  • D. They produce plant hormones
Q. What type of symbiotic relationship exists between plants and mycorrhizal fungi?
  • A. Parasitism
  • B. Commensalism
  • C. Mutualism
  • D. Competition
Q. Which microbe is known for producing the antibiotic penicillin?
  • A. Bacillus cereus
  • B. Penicillium chrysogenum
  • C. Streptomyces griseus
  • D. Escherichia coli
Q. Which microbe is primarily responsible for the fermentation of bread?
  • A. Lactobacillus
  • B. Saccharomyces cerevisiae
  • C. Aspergillus niger
  • D. Clostridium botulinum
Q. Which microbe is primarily responsible for the fermentation of sauerkraut?
  • A. Lactobacillus
  • B. Bacillus
  • C. Clostridium
  • D. Staphylococcus
Q. Which microbe is primarily responsible for the fermentation process in bread making?
  • A. Lactobacillus
  • B. Saccharomyces cerevisiae
  • C. Rhizobium
  • D. Clostridium
Q. Which microbe is used in the production of vinegar?
  • A. Lactobacillus
  • B. Acetobacter
  • C. Saccharomyces
  • D. Bacillus
Q. Which of the following is a benefit of using composting in agriculture?
  • A. It increases soil erosion
  • B. It reduces soil fertility
  • C. It enhances soil microbial diversity
  • D. It requires chemical additives
Q. Which of the following is a benefit of using microbes in bioremediation?
  • A. They increase soil erosion
  • B. They can degrade pollutants
  • C. They promote invasive species
  • D. They reduce biodiversity
Q. Which of the following is a benefit of using microbes in composting?
  • A. They increase greenhouse gas emissions
  • B. They speed up the decomposition process
  • C. They reduce soil fertility
  • D. They promote weed growth
Q. Which of the following is a benefit of using probiotics in agriculture?
  • A. They increase crop yield
  • B. They reduce soil pH
  • C. They promote pest resistance
  • D. They enhance nutrient uptake
Q. Which of the following is a characteristic of rhizobia?
  • A. They are aerobic bacteria
  • B. They form nodules on plant roots
  • C. They are pathogenic to plants
  • D. They are unicellular fungi
Q. Which of the following is a method of biocontrol using microbes?
  • A. Using chemical pesticides
  • B. Introducing beneficial nematodes
  • C. Applying synthetic fertilizers
  • D. Utilizing Bacillus thuringiensis
Q. Which of the following microbes is commonly used in the production of yogurt?
  • A. Lactobacillus
  • B. Escherichia coli
  • C. Bacillus subtilis
  • D. Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Q. Which of the following microbes is essential for the fermentation process in bread making?
  • A. Yeast
  • B. Mold
  • C. Bacteria
  • D. Virus
Q. Which of the following microbes is used in the production of vinegar?
  • A. Lactobacillus
  • B. Acetobacter
  • C. Bacillus
  • D. Clostridium
Q. Which type of bacteria is commonly used in the production of yogurt?
  • A. Lactobacillus
  • B. Escherichia
  • C. Streptococcus
  • D. Bacillus
Q. Which type of microbe is primarily responsible for the fermentation process in bread making?
  • A. Lactic acid bacteria
  • B. Yeasts
  • C. Molds
  • D. Actinomycetes
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