This section explores the advanced molecular mechanisms, optimizations, and analytical aspects of PCR, cloning, and recombinant DNA technology. It is designed for advanced Class 11–12 students, NEET aspirants aiming for high scores, and undergraduate learners who want deeper conceptual clarity beyond basic techniques.
In this section, you will study:
Advanced PCR variants and their principles
Optimization of PCR conditions and troubleshooting
Vector design and selection strategies in cloning
Expression vectors and regulation of cloned genes
Screening and selection of recombinants
Advanced steps and control points in recombinant DNA technology
Limitations, ethical considerations, and biosafety aspects
NCERT-based advanced interpretations and exam-oriented questions
The content is structured to strengthen conceptual depth, enhance analytical thinking, and prepare students to handle higher-difficulty and reasoning-based questions in NEET and undergraduate-level assessments.
Develop a deeper understanding of biotechnology tools by linking molecular mechanisms with practical efficiency and experimental accuracy.
Q. In Mendelian genetics, what does a homozygous genotype mean?
A.
Two different alleles for a trait
B.
Two identical alleles for a trait
C.
One dominant and one recessive allele
D.
A trait that is not expressed
Solution
A homozygous genotype consists of two identical alleles for a specific trait, either dominant or recessive.
Correct Answer:
B
— Two identical alleles for a trait
