This section connects the core techniques of PCR, cloning, and recombinant DNA technology to real-world applications in medicine, agriculture, industry, and environmental science. It is designed for Class 11–12 students, NEET aspirants, and undergraduate learners to understand how molecular biology tools are used beyond textbooks and laboratories.

In this section, you will explore:

• Use of PCR in disease detection, genetic screening, and forensic analysis

• Application of recombinant DNA technology in production of insulin, vaccines, and therapeutic proteins

• Role of cloning techniques in biomedical research and drug development

• Development and application of genetically modified crops

• Use of molecular biotechnology in environmental monitoring and bioremediation

• Industrial applications of recombinant enzymes and bio-products

• NCERT-based real-life examples and application-oriented questions

The content is structured to enhance practical understanding, strengthen application-based reasoning, and help students confidently approach real-world and case-based questions in school exams, NEET, and undergraduate assessments.

Understand how PCR, cloning, and recombinant DNA technologies power modern biotechnology and address real-world challenges in health, agriculture, and sustainability.