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Biotechnology Applications: PCR, Cloning, Recombinant DNA - Higher Difficulty Problems

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This section is dedicated to challenging and conceptually demanding problems based on PCR, cloning, and recombinant DNA technology. It is designed for advanced Class 11–12 students, NEET aspirants targeting top ranks, and undergraduate learners who want to rigorously test and strengthen their conceptual depth and exam readiness.

In this section, you will work on:

  • Multi-concept problems integrating PCR, cloning vectors, and gene expression

  • High-level MCQs requiring close NCERT line interpretation

  • Assertion–reason and multi-statement questions

  • Complex scenarios involving enzyme selection and reaction sequencing

  • Analytical problems on screening and selection of recombinants

  • Diagram- and workflow-based reasoning questions

  • Previous-year inspired and high-trap competitive questions

The content is structured to enhance analytical thinking, improve accuracy under pressure, and prepare students to handle the toughest questions in NEET and other competitive examinations.

Sharpen your reasoning skills and master complexity by practicing higher-difficulty problems in PCR, cloning, and recombinant DNA technology.

Q. In recombinant DNA technology, what is the role of restriction enzymes?
  • A. To amplify DNA
  • B. To cut DNA at specific sequences
  • C. To ligate DNA fragments
  • D. To transcribe RNA
Q. In the context of gene expression, what is the function of a promoter?
  • A. To enhance mRNA stability
  • B. To initiate transcription
  • C. To terminate transcription
  • D. To splice introns
Q. What is the primary purpose of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR)?
  • A. To amplify a specific DNA segment
  • B. To sequence DNA
  • C. To clone DNA fragments
  • D. To analyze gene expression
Q. What is the purpose of gel electrophoresis in molecular biology?
  • A. To amplify DNA
  • B. To separate DNA fragments by size
  • C. To clone DNA
  • D. To synthesize RNA
Q. What is the role of a vector in recombinant DNA technology?
  • A. To amplify RNA
  • B. To carry foreign DNA into a host cell
  • C. To cut DNA at specific sites
  • D. To synthesize proteins
Q. What is the significance of the 'sticky ends' produced by some restriction enzymes?
  • A. They allow for easier ligation of DNA fragments
  • B. They prevent DNA degradation
  • C. They enhance PCR efficiency
  • D. They facilitate RNA transcription
Q. What type of mutation results in a premature stop codon?
  • A. Missense mutation
  • B. Nonsense mutation
  • C. Silent mutation
  • D. Frameshift mutation
Q. Which enzyme is essential for synthesizing new DNA strands during PCR?
  • A. DNA ligase
  • B. Taq polymerase
  • C. Reverse transcriptase
  • D. Restriction enzyme
Q. Which technique is used to introduce foreign DNA into a host cell?
  • A. PCR
  • B. Transformation
  • C. Gel electrophoresis
  • D. Cloning
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