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Basics of Immune Response - Case Studies

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This section uses case studies and real-life immunological scenarios to apply concepts of immune response in analytical and problem-solving contexts. It is designed for Class 11–12 students, NEET aspirants, and undergraduate learners to strengthen conceptual application and higher-order reasoning skills.

In this section, you will study:

  • Case studies based on innate and adaptive immune responses

  • Scenarios involving primary and secondary immune responses

  • Analysis of vaccination and immunological memory

  • Case-based problems on antigen–antibody interactions

  • Situational studies involving hypersensitivity and immune regulation

  • Interpretation of clinical symptoms linked to immune response mechanisms

  • NCERT-based case studies and exam-oriented questions

The content is structured to improve analytical reasoning, enhance concept application, and prepare students for case-based and higher-order questions in school examinations, NEET, and undergraduate assessments.

Develop the ability to analyze immune response mechanisms by applying immunology concepts to real-world and exam-based case studies with clarity and precision.

Q. A 25-year-old male presents with recurrent respiratory infections. Which immune component is most likely deficient?
  • A. B cells
  • B. T cells
  • C. Complement system
  • D. Phagocytes
Q. A 30-year-old woman is diagnosed with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). What type of immune response is primarily involved in this autoimmune disease?
  • A. Innate immune response
  • B. Humoral immune response
  • C. Cell-mediated immune response
  • D. Complement-mediated response
Q. A child receives a measles vaccine. What type of immunity is conferred by this vaccination?
  • A. Passive immunity
  • B. Active immunity
  • C. Innate immunity
  • D. Natural immunity
Q. A patient develops an allergic reaction after exposure to pollen. Which type of immune response is primarily involved?
  • A. Cell-mediated immunity
  • B. Humoral immunity
  • C. Innate immunity
  • D. Autoimmunity
Q. A patient with HIV is at risk for opportunistic infections. Which immune cells are primarily affected by the virus?
  • A. B cells
  • B. Cytotoxic T cells
  • C. Helper T cells
  • D. Natural killer cells
Q. In a case of septic shock, which immune response is primarily responsible for the symptoms observed?
  • A. Adaptive immune response
  • B. Innate immune response
  • C. Humoral immune response
  • D. Cell-mediated immune response
Q. In a laboratory diagnosis of tuberculosis, which test is most commonly used to assess cell-mediated immunity?
  • A. ELISA
  • B. Mantoux test
  • C. Blood culture
  • D. PCR
Q. Which cytokine is primarily responsible for activating macrophages during an immune response?
  • A. IL-1
  • B. IL-6
  • C. IFN-gamma
  • D. TNF-alpha
Q. Which of the following is a characteristic of a secondary immune response?
  • A. Slower response time
  • B. Higher antibody affinity
  • C. Lower antibody levels
  • D. No memory cells involved
Q. Which vaccine type is most effective in inducing a strong cell-mediated immune response?
  • A. Inactivated vaccines
  • B. Live attenuated vaccines
  • C. Subunit vaccines
  • D. Toxoid vaccines
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