This section explores the advanced mechanisms of disease causation and host–pathogen interactions, moving beyond basic descriptions of infectious agents. It is designed for advanced Class 11–12 students, NEET aspirants aiming for high scores, and undergraduate learners who want deeper conceptual and analytical understanding.
In this section, you will study:
Molecular basis of pathogenicity and virulence factors
Mechanisms of microbial invasion and colonization
Host immune evasion strategies used by pathogens
Role of toxins, enzymes, and surface antigens in disease
Latent, chronic, and opportunistic infections
Emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases
Antimicrobial resistance and its biological basis
NCERT-aligned advanced interpretations and exam-oriented questions
The content is structured to strengthen conceptual depth, enhance analytical reasoning, and prepare students to handle higher-difficulty and reasoning-based questions in NEET and undergraduate-level assessments.
Develop a deeper understanding of disease-causing microorganisms by linking molecular mechanisms with clinical and epidemiological outcomes.
Q. What is the primary function of the complement system in immunity?
A.
Antibody production
B.
Pathogen lysis and opsonization
C.
T cell activation
D.
Cytokine release
Solution
The complement system enhances the ability of antibodies and phagocytic cells to clear pathogens from an organism, primarily through opsonization and lysis.
Correct Answer:
B
— Pathogen lysis and opsonization
Q. Which of the following diseases is caused by a prion?
A.
HIV/AIDS
B.
Mad Cow Disease
C.
Tuberculosis
D.
Malaria
Solution
Mad Cow Disease, or Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy, is caused by prions, which are misfolded proteins that induce abnormal folding of normal proteins.
