The Industrial Revolution led to rapid growth of urban centers as people moved from rural areas to cities in search of jobs in factories, resulting in significant urbanization.

Social Darwinism was often used to justify colonial expansion by suggesting that stronger nations had the right to dominate weaker ones.

Total war during World War II involved the complete mobilization of resources and people, blurring the lines between civilian and military targets.

The Treaty of Nanking ended the First Opium War between Britain and China, marking a significant shift in Sino-British relations.

The Treaty of Versailles was signed to formally end World War I and imposed heavy reparations and territorial losses on Germany.

Child labor played a significant role during the Industrial Revolution as children were employed in factories and mines due to their ability to be paid lower wages, contributing to the workforce.

The bourgeoisie, or middle class, emerged as a result of the Industrial Revolution, consisting of factory owners and entrepreneurs.

The steam engine was a major technological advancement that powered factories and revolutionized transportation during the Industrial Revolution.

Deforestation was a significant environmental consequence of the Industrial Revolution, as forests were cleared for factories, urban development, and agriculture, leading to habitat loss.

Urbanization and overcrowding were negative consequences of the Industrial Revolution, as people moved to cities for factory jobs.

The Industrial Revolution was significantly driven by Britain's abundant natural resources, particularly coal and iron, which were essential for powering machinery and building infrastructure.

The Industrial Revolution increased child labor, as factories employed children for low wages and long hours.

The Thirty Years' War was primarily caused by religious conflict between Catholics and Protestants in the Holy Roman Empire.

The project that developed the atomic bomb during World War II was called the Manhattan Project.

The Opium Wars were primarily caused by trade imbalances, as Britain was exporting opium to China, leading to widespread addiction and social issues.

The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria-Hungary in June 1914 is widely regarded as the immediate catalyst that triggered World War I.

Coal was the primary energy source that powered factories during the early Industrial Revolution, providing the necessary fuel for steam engines and industrial machinery.

The Cold War was characterized by the ideological struggle between capitalism, led by the United States, and communism, led by the Soviet Union.

The textile industry was the primary industry that drove the early stages of the Industrial Revolution, leading to significant innovations.

The Treaty of Versailles officially ended World War I and imposed heavy reparations and territorial losses on Germany.

The Marshall Plan was an American initiative to provide aid to Western Europe to help rebuild economies after the devastation of World War II.

The primary purpose of the United Nations, established after World War II, was to prevent future wars.

Coal was the primary source of power for factories during the early Industrial Revolution, fueling steam engines and machinery.

The Western Roman Empire officially fell in 476 AD when the last emperor, Romulus Augustulus, was deposed.

World War I began in 1914.

World War II ended in 1945.

The Sumerians are credited with the invention of writing, specifically cuneiform, around 3200 BC.

The Battle of Midway, fought in June 1942, is considered a turning point in the Pacific Theater as it significantly weakened the Japanese fleet.

The United Kingdom is considered the birthplace of the Industrial Revolution, beginning in the late 18th century.

France was not part of the Axis Powers during World War II.