Q. What is the basic unit of heredity in living organisms?
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A.
Chromosome
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B.
Gene
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C.
DNA
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D.
RNA
Solution
A gene is the basic unit of heredity, responsible for the transmission of traits from parents to offspring.
Correct Answer:
B
— Gene
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Q. What is the primary mechanism of evolution according to Darwin?
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A.
Mutation
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B.
Genetic Drift
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C.
Natural Selection
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D.
Gene Flow
Solution
Natural selection is the primary mechanism of evolution, where organisms better adapted to their environment tend to survive and reproduce.
Correct Answer:
C
— Natural Selection
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Q. What is the process by which traits are passed from parents to offspring called?
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A.
Evolution
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B.
Heredity
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C.
Natural Selection
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D.
Genetic Drift
Solution
Heredity is the process by which traits are transmitted from parents to their offspring.
Correct Answer:
B
— Heredity
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Q. What is the role of alleles in genetics?
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A.
They are the same as genes
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B.
They are different forms of a gene
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C.
They determine the phenotype
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D.
They are found only in dominant traits
Solution
Alleles are different forms of a gene that can exist at a specific locus on a chromosome.
Correct Answer:
B
— They are different forms of a gene
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Q. What is the term for the genetic makeup of an organism?
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A.
Phenotype
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B.
Genotype
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C.
Karyotype
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D.
Allele
Solution
Genotype refers to the genetic makeup of an organism, including all alleles present.
Correct Answer:
B
— Genotype
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Q. What is the term for the observable characteristics of an organism?
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A.
Genotype
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B.
Phenotype
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C.
Allele
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D.
Chromosome
Solution
Phenotype refers to the observable characteristics or traits of an organism, influenced by its genotype and environment.
Correct Answer:
B
— Phenotype
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Q. Which of the following best describes genetic drift?
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A.
Change in allele frequency due to chance
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B.
Natural selection favoring certain traits
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C.
Migration of individuals between populations
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D.
Mutation introducing new alleles
Solution
Genetic drift is the change in allele frequency in a population due to random sampling of organisms.
Correct Answer:
A
— Change in allele frequency due to chance
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Q. Which of the following is a type of genetic mutation?
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A.
Deletion
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B.
Insertion
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C.
Substitution
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D.
All of the above
Solution
All of the above are types of genetic mutations that can alter the DNA sequence.
Correct Answer:
D
— All of the above
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Q. Which of the following is NOT a factor that can affect evolution?
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A.
Mutation
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B.
Natural Selection
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C.
Environmental Change
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D.
Genetic Stability
Solution
Genetic stability does not affect evolution; rather, mutations, natural selection, and environmental changes drive evolutionary processes.
Correct Answer:
D
— Genetic Stability
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Q. Which scientist is known for the theory of natural selection?
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A.
Gregor Mendel
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B.
Charles Darwin
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C.
Louis Pasteur
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D.
James Watson
Solution
Charles Darwin is known for formulating the theory of natural selection, explaining how species evolve over time.
Correct Answer:
B
— Charles Darwin
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