Q. What is the basic structural unit of DNA?
-
A.
Nucleotide
-
B.
Amino acid
-
C.
Monosaccharide
-
D.
Fatty acid
Solution
DNA is composed of nucleotides, which consist of a sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base.
Correct Answer:
A
— Nucleotide
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Q. What is the expected genotypic ratio from a dihybrid cross of two heterozygous parents?
-
A.
1:1
-
B.
3:1
-
C.
9:3:3:1
-
D.
1:2:1
Solution
A dihybrid cross between two heterozygous parents typically results in a 9:3:3:1 genotypic ratio.
Correct Answer:
C
— 9:3:3:1
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Q. What is the function of ribosomal RNA (rRNA)?
-
A.
To carry amino acids
-
B.
To provide structural support in ribosomes
-
C.
To transcribe DNA
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D.
To splice RNA
Solution
rRNA (ribosomal RNA) is a key component of ribosomes and provides structural support during protein synthesis.
Correct Answer:
B
— To provide structural support in ribosomes
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Q. What is the role of tRNA in protein synthesis?
-
A.
To carry genetic information
-
B.
To form the ribosome
-
C.
To bring amino acids to the ribosome
-
D.
To splice RNA
Solution
tRNA (transfer RNA) brings the appropriate amino acids to the ribosome during protein synthesis.
Correct Answer:
C
— To bring amino acids to the ribosome
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Q. Which of the following is a characteristic of autosomal dominant inheritance?
-
A.
Trait skips generations
-
B.
Both males and females are equally affected
-
C.
Only males are affected
-
D.
Affected individuals have unaffected parents
Solution
In autosomal dominant inheritance, both males and females are equally affected, and the trait typically appears in every generation.
Correct Answer:
B
— Both males and females are equally affected
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Q. Which of the following mutations can lead to a frameshift?
-
A.
Insertion
-
B.
Substitution
-
C.
Point mutation
-
D.
Silent mutation
Solution
An insertion mutation adds one or more nucleotides to the DNA sequence, potentially causing a frameshift.
Correct Answer:
A
— Insertion
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Q. Which type of RNA carries the genetic information from DNA to the ribosome?
-
A.
tRNA
-
B.
mRNA
-
C.
rRNA
-
D.
snRNA
Solution
mRNA (messenger RNA) is responsible for carrying the genetic code from DNA to the ribosome for protein synthesis.
Correct Answer:
B
— mRNA
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