Q. In a predator-prey relationship, what typically happens to the prey population when the predator population increases?
A.
Prey population increases
B.
Prey population decreases
C.
Prey population remains stable
D.
Prey population migrates
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Solution
When the predator population increases, the prey population typically decreases due to increased predation.
Correct Answer:
B
— Prey population decreases
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Q. What is the primary difference between r-selected and K-selected species?
A.
Size of offspring
B.
Lifespan
C.
Reproductive strategy
D.
Habitat preference
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Solution
The primary difference lies in their reproductive strategies: r-selected species produce many offspring with low parental care, while K-selected species produce fewer offspring with high parental care.
Correct Answer:
C
— Reproductive strategy
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Q. What is the primary factor that determines the carrying capacity of an ecosystem?
A.
Availability of food resources
B.
Predator population size
C.
Climate conditions
D.
Habitat space
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Solution
The carrying capacity is primarily determined by the availability of food resources, which supports the population size of organisms.
Correct Answer:
A
— Availability of food resources
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Q. What is the primary role of decomposers in an ecosystem?
A.
Producing energy through photosynthesis
B.
Breaking down dead organic matter
C.
Competing with primary consumers
D.
Regulating predator populations
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Solution
Decomposers break down dead organic matter, recycling nutrients back into the ecosystem.
Correct Answer:
B
— Breaking down dead organic matter
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Q. What is the term for the variety of different species within a given area?
A.
Genetic diversity
B.
Species richness
C.
Ecosystem diversity
D.
Population density
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Solution
Species richness refers to the variety of different species within a given area.
Correct Answer:
B
— Species richness
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Q. What term describes the maximum population size that an environment can sustain indefinitely?
A.
Population density
B.
Carrying capacity
C.
Biotic potential
D.
Ecological footprint
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Solution
Carrying capacity refers to the maximum population size that an environment can sustain indefinitely without degrading the habitat.
Correct Answer:
B
— Carrying capacity
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Q. Which of the following best describes a population's age structure?
A.
The number of individuals in a population
B.
The distribution of individuals of different ages
C.
The genetic diversity within a population
D.
The spatial distribution of individuals
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Solution
Age structure refers to the distribution of individuals of different ages within a population.
Correct Answer:
B
— The distribution of individuals of different ages
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Q. Which of the following factors can lead to a population bottleneck?
A.
Increased immigration
B.
Natural disasters
C.
High birth rates
D.
Stable food supply
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Solution
Natural disasters can lead to a population bottleneck by drastically reducing the population size and genetic diversity.
Correct Answer:
B
— Natural disasters
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Q. Which of the following is an example of a density-dependent factor affecting population growth?
A.
Natural disasters
B.
Disease spread
C.
Climate change
D.
Habitat destruction
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Solution
Disease spread is a density-dependent factor because its impact increases as the population density increases.
Correct Answer:
B
— Disease spread
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Q. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of K-selected species?
A.
Long lifespan
B.
High parental investment
C.
High reproductive rate
D.
Stable population size
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Solution
K-selected species are characterized by low reproductive rates, not high, as they invest more in fewer offspring.
Correct Answer:
C
— High reproductive rate
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