Ecosystem

Q. What is a frameshift mutation?

A. A mutation that changes one amino acid
B. A mutation that adds or deletes nucleotides in numbers other than three
C. A mutation that occurs in non-coding regions
D. A mutation that does not affect the protein

Solution

A frameshift mutation occurs when nucleotides are added or deleted from the DNA sequence in numbers other than three, altering the reading frame of the gene.

Correct Answer: B — A mutation that adds or deletes nucleotides in numbers other than three

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Q. What is the function of RNA polymerase during transcription?

A. To synthesize DNA
B. To synthesize RNA from a DNA template
C. To splice RNA
D. To translate mRNA into protein

Solution

RNA polymerase synthesizes RNA from a DNA template during the process of transcription, creating a complementary RNA strand.

Correct Answer: B — To synthesize RNA from a DNA template

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Q. Which of the following is a characteristic of autosomal recessive inheritance?

A. Affected individuals must have at least one affected parent
B. Both males and females are equally affected
C. Only males are affected
D. All offspring of an affected individual are affected

Solution

In autosomal recessive inheritance, both males and females are equally affected, and affected individuals can have unaffected parents.

Correct Answer: B — Both males and females are equally affected

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Q. Which of the following is NOT a component of the central dogma of molecular biology?

A. DNA replication
B. Transcription
C. Translation
D. RNA splicing

Solution

The central dogma of molecular biology describes the flow of genetic information from DNA to RNA (transcription) and from RNA to protein (translation), but does not include DNA replication.

Correct Answer: A — DNA replication

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Ecosystem

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