Which downstream processing step is typically performed last?

Which downstream processing step is typically performed last?

Step 1: Understand what downstream processing means. It refers to the steps taken after the initial production of a product, like a drug or protein, to purify and prepare it for use.
Step 2: Identify the common steps in downstream processing. These can include filtration, chromatography, and concentration.
Step 3: Learn about lyophilization. It is a process that removes water from a product by freezing it and then reducing the pressure to allow the ice to sublimate.
Step 4: Recognize that lyophilization is used to stabilize products for long-term storage by preventing degradation.
Step 5: Conclude that since lyophilization is the final step that ensures the product is stable and ready for storage, it is typically performed last in downstream processing.

No concepts available.